{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285165230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489","title":"PDDL: Proactive Distributed Detection and Localization Against Stealthy Deception Attacks in DC Microgrids","display_name":"PDDL: Proactive Distributed Detection and Localization Against Stealthy Deception Attacks in DC Microgrids","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285165230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012632617","display_name":"Mengxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-4787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-4787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076460898","display_name":"Chengcheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-6459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456812","display_name":"Jinhui Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-7201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083185861","display_name":"Ruilong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-150X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruilong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-150X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951845","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726041","display_name":"Jiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9584704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"714","last_page":"731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.9393343925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6755980253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.643183708190918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.9393343925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6755980253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.643183708190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3188489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2803218167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G297262186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61903328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3002586403","display_name":"\u5de5\u63a7\u79c1\u6709\u534f\u8bae\u667a\u80fd\u9006\u5411\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"LZ22F030010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3411890129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061130220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4495339770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"226-2022-00120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5065734402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6344949841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667242572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ21F020006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156132949","https://openalex.org/W195300353","https://openalex.org/W972617796","https://openalex.org/W1582264157","https://openalex.org/W1678518841","https://openalex.org/W1994860969","https://openalex.org/W2043119118","https://openalex.org/W2077699686","https://openalex.org/W2083514989","https://openalex.org/W2096786180","https://openalex.org/W2098142388","https://openalex.org/W2109438750","https://openalex.org/W2112668583","https://openalex.org/W2135379734","https://openalex.org/W2142993476","https://openalex.org/W2395946885","https://openalex.org/W2417963146","https://openalex.org/W2466448847","https://openalex.org/W2526316194","https://openalex.org/W2529639355","https://openalex.org/W2549702890","https://openalex.org/W2555431798","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2618656593","https://openalex.org/W2737875000","https://openalex.org/W2739028294","https://openalex.org/W2783859695","https://openalex.org/W2804503657","https://openalex.org/W2893861039","https://openalex.org/W2900117237","https://openalex.org/W2912140375","https://openalex.org/W2959889059","https://openalex.org/W2963966962","https://openalex.org/W2991063899","https://openalex.org/W2991764845","https://openalex.org/W2997919730","https://openalex.org/W2998298992","https://openalex.org/W3010182086","https://openalex.org/W3014429688","https://openalex.org/W3034771197","https://openalex.org/W3037021571","https://openalex.org/W3088033107","https://openalex.org/W3106420340","https://openalex.org/W3108026406","https://openalex.org/W3118801445","https://openalex.org/W3127579617","https://openalex.org/W3136153596","https://openalex.org/W3189715942","https://openalex.org/W3214475283","https://openalex.org/W3215256866","https://openalex.org/W3216261980","https://openalex.org/W4205542229","https://openalex.org/W4213453857","https://openalex.org/W4226272917","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W6606357357","https://openalex.org/W6637329777","https://openalex.org/W6731638876","https://openalex.org/W6784360436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2165717120","https://openalex.org/W2039390456","https://openalex.org/W2948663225","https://openalex.org/W2029954793","https://openalex.org/W1992683634","https://openalex.org/W4295295666","https://openalex.org/W1978059949","https://openalex.org/W2512387791","https://openalex.org/W70044515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,14,24,31,36,41,67,78,85,102,115,120,124,133,142,148,162,167,170],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,16,119,144,169],"information":[6],"and":[7,60,90,181],"communication":[8],"technology":[9],"in":[10,40,95],"DC":[11],"microgrids":[12],"(DCmGs),":[13],"threat":[15],"deception":[17,26,69,127],"attacks":[18,128,145],"has":[19],"been":[20,47],"widely":[21],"recognized.":[22],"However,":[23],"stealthy":[25,68,126],"attacks,":[27],"which":[28,123],"can":[29],"hide":[30],"actual":[32],"attack":[33,72,79],"impact":[34,80],"from":[35],"system":[37,153],"operator":[38],"as":[39,84],"Stuxnet":[42],"accident,":[43],"have":[44],"not":[45],"yet":[46],"well":[48],"studied.":[49],"Towards":[50],"this":[51,53],"end,":[52],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"a":[56],"proactive":[57,103],"distributed":[58],"detection":[59,73],"localization":[61],"(PDDL)":[62],"framework":[63,172],"to":[64,113,160],"defend":[65],"against":[66],"attacks.":[70],"The":[71],"is":[74,82,100,158,173],"achieved":[75],"by":[76,132],"observing":[77],"that":[81],"quantified":[83],"voltage":[86],"balancing":[87],"deviation":[88,93],"(VBD)":[89],"current":[91],"sharing":[92],"(CSD)":[94],"DCmGs.":[96],"Once":[97],"any":[98],"anomaly":[99],"perceived,":[101],"perturbation":[104,164],"on":[105,152],"primary":[106],"control":[107],"gains":[108],"(PCGs)":[109],"will":[110],"be":[111,130],"activated":[112],"invalidate":[114],"previously":[116],"inferred":[117],"PCGs":[118],"attacker,":[121],"under":[122],"constructed":[125],"may":[129],"located":[131],"unknown":[134],"input":[135],"observer":[136],"(UIO)":[137],"based":[138,179],"locators.":[139],"To":[140],"maximize":[141],"locatability":[143],"while":[146],"limiting":[147],"induced":[149],"transient":[150],"fluctuations":[151],"states,":[154],"an":[155],"optimization":[156],"problem":[157],"formulated":[159],"determine":[161],"PCG":[163],"magnitude.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"PDDL":[171],"verified":[174],"through":[175],"extensive":[176],"hardware-in-the-loop":[177],"(HIL)":[178],"simulations":[180],"systematic":[182],"full-hardware":[183],"experimental":[184],"studies.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}