{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285121179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","title":"Resilient Distribution Networks by Microgrid Formation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Resilient Distribution Networks by Microgrid Formation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285121179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/9927219/09786037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/9927219/09786037.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026043126","display_name":"Yuxiong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-8353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084669885","display_name":"Gengfeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-4683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418499","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-5749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059026583","display_name":"Yiheng Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-3878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiheng Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054284828","display_name":"Tao Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-4574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020110830","display_name":"Zhaohong Bie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-0887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohong Bie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026043126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99489658,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"4918","last_page":"4930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9812343716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8836629390716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6944358348846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6188415884971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5488097667694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49380239844322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4723607003688812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4592558741569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41138702630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38681480288505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2838789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27847886085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2723667025566101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9812343716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8836629390716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6944358348846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6188415884971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5488097667694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49380239844322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4723607003688812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4592558741569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41138702630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38681480288505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2838789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27847886085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2723667025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/9927219/09786037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3179593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/9927219/09786037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7213624269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285121179.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285121179.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W775021449","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1759197186","https://openalex.org/W1969323923","https://openalex.org/W2068406211","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2156632319","https://openalex.org/W2290410061","https://openalex.org/W2317145150","https://openalex.org/W2318920527","https://openalex.org/W2462278955","https://openalex.org/W2546440174","https://openalex.org/W2604739525","https://openalex.org/W2613791018","https://openalex.org/W2750006190","https://openalex.org/W2752845795","https://openalex.org/W2767288477","https://openalex.org/W2894506939","https://openalex.org/W2901645090","https://openalex.org/W2902181097","https://openalex.org/W2904635416","https://openalex.org/W2912447180","https://openalex.org/W2952326029","https://openalex.org/W2960876015","https://openalex.org/W2966492573","https://openalex.org/W2972852318","https://openalex.org/W2973885157","https://openalex.org/W2977978325","https://openalex.org/W2988319714","https://openalex.org/W2988595664","https://openalex.org/W3003290394","https://openalex.org/W3037661551","https://openalex.org/W3072690020","https://openalex.org/W3083931810","https://openalex.org/W3097422301","https://openalex.org/W3098532584","https://openalex.org/W3102098736","https://openalex.org/W3141776272","https://openalex.org/W3164005523","https://openalex.org/W3171039560","https://openalex.org/W3171818988","https://openalex.org/W3216772467","https://openalex.org/W4206386957","https://openalex.org/W4251818744","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6780559895","https://openalex.org/W6804601995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2341346307","https://openalex.org/W3168977894","https://openalex.org/W2315999538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resilience":[0],"becomes":[1],"vital":[2],"for":[3,58,111,123],"power":[4,28,87],"grids":[5],"facing":[6],"the":[7,26,42,50,69,103,116,135,145],"increasingly":[8],"frequent":[9],"extreme":[10],"weather":[11],"events.":[12],"Microgrid":[13],"formation":[14,37,71,126],"is":[15,29,98,119,138],"a":[16,34,63,74,94,107],"promising":[17],"way":[18],"to":[19,121],"achieve":[20],"resilient":[21],"distribution":[22],"networks":[23],"(RDN)":[24],"when":[25],"utility":[27],"unavailable.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"RDN-oriented":[35],"microgrid":[36,70,90,125],"(RoMF)":[38],"method":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41],"deep":[43,117],"reinforcement":[44],"learning":[45],"(DRL)":[46],"technique,":[47],"which":[48],"integrates":[49],"OpenDSS":[51],"as":[52,73,84],"an":[53,129],"interaction":[54],"object":[55],"and":[56,89,100,128,131],"searches":[57],"optimal":[59,124],"control":[60],"policies":[61],"in":[62],"model-free":[64],"fashion.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"we":[67],"formulate":[68],"problem":[72],"Markov":[75],"decision":[76],"process,":[77],"taking":[78],"into":[79,102],"account":[80],"complex":[81],"factors":[82],"such":[83],"unbalanced":[85],"three-phase":[86],"flow":[88],"operation":[91],"constraints.":[92],"Next,":[93],"simulator-based":[95],"RoMF":[96,137],"environment":[97],"constructed":[99],"integrated":[101],"OpenAI":[104],"Gym,":[105],"providing":[106],"standard":[108],"agent-environment":[109],"interface":[110],"applying":[112],"DRL":[113],"algorithms.":[114],"Then,":[115],"Q-network":[118],"used":[120],"search":[122],"strategies,":[127],"offline-training":[130],"online-application":[132],"framework":[133],"of":[134,147],"DRL-based":[136],"given.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"extensive":[141],"numerical":[142],"results":[143],"validate":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"our":[148],"proposed":[149],"method.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
