{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285115992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896","title":"New Framework of RoCoF-FD for Wideband Stability Evaluation in Renewable Energy Generators With Virtual Impedance Control","display_name":"New Framework of RoCoF-FD for Wideband Stability Evaluation in Renewable Energy Generators With Virtual Impedance Control","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285115992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/82ef793b-dadf-4f35-9f00-0908f1823932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429512","display_name":"Chang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-0855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043383546","display_name":"Yijia Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-6452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073709042","display_name":"Yaqian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-1180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052217891","display_name":"Jiazhu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006621398","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-8385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-8385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101756433","display_name":"Weiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801045807","display_name":"Shenzhen Stock Exchange","ror":"https://ror.org/058h0n244","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801045807"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Power Supply Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Power Supply Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801045807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176748","display_name":"Tomislav Dragi\u010devi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Dragicevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-2024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100429512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8861653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"3570","last_page":"3581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6972605586051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.535266637802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4723169505596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4650588631629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.439566433429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.41686201095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.41276752948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37604451179504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23843863606452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.21521088480949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2020154893398285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09209603071212769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6972605586051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.535266637802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4723169505596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4650588631629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.439566433429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.41686201095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.41276752948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37604451179504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23843863606452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.21521088480949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2020154893398285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09209603071212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49324399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466758","display_name":"Voltage divider","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3175896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/82ef793b-dadf-4f35-9f00-0908f1823932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/82ef793b-dadf-4f35-9f00-0908f1823932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li , C , Cao , Y , Yang , Y , Xu , J , Wu , M , Zhang , W & Dragicevic , T 2022 , ' New Framework of RoCoF-FD for Wideband Stability Evaluation in Renewable Energy Generators with Virtual Impedance Control ' , IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 13 , no. 5 , pp. 3570-3581 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2022.3175896","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/82ef793b-dadf-4f35-9f00-0908f1823932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/82ef793b-dadf-4f35-9f00-0908f1823932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li , C , Cao , Y , Yang , Y , Xu , J , Wu , M , Zhang , W & Dragicevic , T 2022 , ' New Framework of RoCoF-FD for Wideband Stability Evaluation in Renewable Energy Generators with Virtual Impedance Control ' , IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 13 , no. 5 , pp. 3570-3581 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2022.3175896","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W2139033201","https://openalex.org/W2163015640","https://openalex.org/W2429999320","https://openalex.org/W2545184667","https://openalex.org/W2548949292","https://openalex.org/W2726383479","https://openalex.org/W2740886925","https://openalex.org/W2777030537","https://openalex.org/W2799976716","https://openalex.org/W2801613040","https://openalex.org/W2904948555","https://openalex.org/W2943395887","https://openalex.org/W2944932637","https://openalex.org/W2975614813","https://openalex.org/W3027406708","https://openalex.org/W3109606671","https://openalex.org/W3120162193","https://openalex.org/W3126515433","https://openalex.org/W3159034943","https://openalex.org/W3170444620","https://openalex.org/W3184174741","https://openalex.org/W3214621380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523432015","https://openalex.org/W2765340260","https://openalex.org/W2153130273","https://openalex.org/W3023710910","https://openalex.org/W2076823813","https://openalex.org/W3008686614","https://openalex.org/W2143080380","https://openalex.org/W1589163333","https://openalex.org/W2060924671","https://openalex.org/W3108314050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,42,118],"new":[4],"perspective":[5],"for":[6,108],"identification":[7],"of":[8,25,28,51,56,58,88,97,121,126,147,164,177,179],"wideband":[9],"stability":[10],"in":[11],"virtual":[12,17,156],"synchronous":[13],"generator":[14],"(VSG)":[15],"with":[16,151],"impedance":[18,157],"control":[19,158],"strategy.":[20],"At":[21],"first,":[22],"the":[23,38,69,80,86,92,95,102,109,180],"drawback":[24],"magnitude-phase-motion-equation":[26],"(MPME)":[27],"grid-forming":[29],"VSG":[30,110],"system":[31,116],"is":[32,65,113,167,192],"briefly":[33],"discussed.":[34],"Then,":[35],"based":[36,75,161],"on":[37,76,162],"derived":[39],"MPME":[40],"model,":[41],"RoCoF-FD":[43],"framework,":[44],"which":[45,142],"includes":[46],"two":[47],"most":[48],"important":[49],"indices":[50],"frequency":[52,59,62],"performance,":[53],"e.g.,":[54],"rate":[55],"change":[57],"(RoCoF)":[60],"and":[61,73,186],"nadir/deviation":[63],"(FN/FD),":[64],"established":[66],"to":[67,169],"illustrate":[68],"interaction":[70],"between":[71],"RoCoF":[72,89],"FD":[74,93],"feedback":[77,98],"effect.":[78,99],"Moreover,":[79],"vector":[81],"analysis":[82,191],"can":[83],"quantitatively":[84],"sketch":[85],"dynamics":[87],"impacted":[90],"by":[91,130],"via":[94],"loop":[96],"In":[100],"addition,":[101],"secure":[103],"operation":[104],"regions":[105],"are":[106],"defined":[107],"system.":[111],"It":[112],"found":[114],"that":[115],"has":[117],"higher":[119],"risk":[120],"oscillation":[122,171],"instability":[123],"when":[124],"ratio":[125,137],"grid":[127,131,140,187],"resistance":[128],"divided":[129],"inductance":[132],"gets":[133],"smaller.":[134],"However,":[135],"greater":[136],"will":[138,143],"lessen":[139],"strength/stiffness,":[141],"trigger":[144],"aperiodic":[145],"loss":[146,176],"synchronization.":[148],"To":[149],"cope":[150],"such":[152],"issues,":[153],"an":[154],"adjustable-parameter":[155],"strategy":[159],"(APVICS),":[160],"principle":[163],"energy":[165],"conservation,":[166],"proposed":[168],"dampen":[170],"as":[172,174],"well":[173],"avoid":[175],"synchronization":[178],"system,":[181],"thereby":[182],"enhance":[183],"damping":[184],"behaviors":[185],"stiffness.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"theoretical":[190],"validated":[193],"experimentally.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}