{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292993803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871","title":"Frequency-Constrained Energy Management System for Isolated Microgrids","display_name":"Frequency-Constrained Energy Management System for Isolated Microgrids","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292993803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053433501","display_name":"Samuel C\u00f3rdova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Cordova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023775699","display_name":"Claudio A. Ca\u00f1izares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-2569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio A. Canizares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000416476","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Lorca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-0932"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Lorca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023279374","display_name":"Daniel Olivares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-602X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148528","display_name":"Complex Engineering System Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wnc7270","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148528"]}],"countries":["CA","CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel E. Olivares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","Complex Engineering Systems Institute, Santiago, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Engineering Systems Institute, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053433501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93609117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"3394","last_page":"3407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8350167870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.6998737454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.675689160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.6751081347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6600813865661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5628340840339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5041614770889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4580804705619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.44282567501068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-simulation","display_name":"Power system simulation","score":0.4414745271205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.43346476554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.43245774507522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.41276270151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.41048258543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38838058710098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3881756067276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36082923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18669220805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.13122275471687317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8350167870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.6998737454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.675689160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.6751081347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6600813865661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5628340840339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5041614770889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4580804705619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.44282567501068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116219307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625","display_name":"Power system simulation","level":4,"score":0.4414745271205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.43346476554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.43245774507522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.41276270151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.41048258543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38838058710098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3881756067276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36082923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18669220805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.13122275471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3170871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4369463623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANID/FB0816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327624","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingenier\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6905066215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANID/PIA/ACT-192094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8481154674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANID/FONDECYT/1211378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327624","display_name":"Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingenier\u00eda","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1918816242","https://openalex.org/W1985871303","https://openalex.org/W2073066096","https://openalex.org/W2074817043","https://openalex.org/W2120575449","https://openalex.org/W2136908369","https://openalex.org/W2146689117","https://openalex.org/W2410209997","https://openalex.org/W2526981415","https://openalex.org/W2539669639","https://openalex.org/W2555838481","https://openalex.org/W2563914474","https://openalex.org/W2614034933","https://openalex.org/W2801592229","https://openalex.org/W2802339474","https://openalex.org/W2888878267","https://openalex.org/W2894459708","https://openalex.org/W2948485913","https://openalex.org/W2989350759","https://openalex.org/W3005696454","https://openalex.org/W3017299878","https://openalex.org/W3099975916","https://openalex.org/W3105558219","https://openalex.org/W3117257551","https://openalex.org/W3155935670","https://openalex.org/W3157123166","https://openalex.org/W3189223837","https://openalex.org/W4251818744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386066785","https://openalex.org/W4200181585","https://openalex.org/W1966770600","https://openalex.org/W4312982279","https://openalex.org/W2539652287","https://openalex.org/W4307154825","https://openalex.org/W4361858090","https://openalex.org/W2544932082","https://openalex.org/W2369743676","https://openalex.org/W3216124545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Second-to-second":[0],"power":[1,55,112],"imbalances":[2],"stemming":[3],"from":[4],"renewable":[5,32],"generation":[6],"can":[7],"have":[8],"a":[9,40,89],"large":[10],"impact":[11,52,116],"on":[12,57,71,88,117],"the":[13,36,51,58,96,102,107],"frequency":[14,62,76,118],"regulation":[15,63,80],"performance":[16],"of":[17,53,101,109],"isolated":[18,124],"microgrids,":[19],"as":[20],"these":[21],"are":[22],"characterized":[23],"by":[24],"low":[25],"inertia":[26],"and,":[27],"more":[28],"commonly":[29],"nowadays,":[30],"significant":[31],"energy":[33],"penetration.":[34],"Thus,":[35],"present":[37],"paper":[38],"develops":[39],"novel":[41],"frequency-constrained":[42],"Energy":[43],"Management":[44],"System":[45],"(EMS)":[46],"that":[47],"takes":[48],"into":[49],"account":[50],"short-term":[54],"fluctuations":[56,113],"microgrid\u2019s":[59],"operation":[60],"and":[61,79,98,114],"performance.":[64],"The":[65],"proposed":[66],"EMS":[67,104],"model":[68],"is":[69],"based":[70],"accurate":[72],"linear":[73],"equations":[74],"describing":[75],"deviation,":[77],"rate-of-change-of-frequency,":[78],"provision":[81],"in":[82,120],"daily":[83],"microgrid":[84],"operations.":[85],"Dynamic":[86],"simulations":[87],"realistic":[90],"CIGRE":[91],"benchmark":[92],"test":[93],"system":[94],"show":[95],"economic":[97],"reliability":[99],"benefits":[100],"presented":[103],"model,":[105],"highlighting":[106],"need":[108],"incorporating":[110],"fast":[111],"their":[115],"dynamics":[119],"EMSs":[121],"for":[122],"sustainable":[123],"microgrids.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}