{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214747296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757","title":"A Synchronized Lissajous-Based Method to Detect and Classify Events in Synchro-Waveform Measurements in Power Distribution Networks","display_name":"A Synchronized Lissajous-Based Method to Detect and Classify Events in Synchro-Waveform Measurements in Power Distribution Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214747296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055343855","display_name":"Milad Izadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-9809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milad Izadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010390337","display_name":"Hamed Mohsenian\u2010Rad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Mohsenian-Rad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055343855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94911287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"2170","last_page":"2184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lissajous-curve","display_name":"Lissajous curve","score":0.9390794038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7713568210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchro","display_name":"Synchro","score":0.5134249925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4998338222503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.49513259530067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3960898518562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3768708109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22453859448432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16196975111961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13385045528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12465918064117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0779358446598053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207168407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594135","display_name":"Lissajous curve","level":2,"score":0.9390794038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7713568210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28944840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256545","display_name":"Synchro","level":2,"score":0.5134249925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4998338222503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.49513259530067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3960898518562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3768708109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22453859448432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16196975111961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13385045528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12465918064117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0779358446598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3148757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5m1152c5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m1152c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5133932682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LFR-18-548175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","funder_display_name":"Office of the President, University of California"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","display_name":"Office of the President, University of California","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2044474049","https://openalex.org/W2062936627","https://openalex.org/W2070904262","https://openalex.org/W2075448888","https://openalex.org/W2108255779","https://openalex.org/W2126704684","https://openalex.org/W2187652179","https://openalex.org/W2492181757","https://openalex.org/W2551310898","https://openalex.org/W2754387896","https://openalex.org/W2799220543","https://openalex.org/W2812096095","https://openalex.org/W2921998118","https://openalex.org/W2931518639","https://openalex.org/W2955999296","https://openalex.org/W2963975886","https://openalex.org/W2997699903","https://openalex.org/W3004066217","https://openalex.org/W3018184005","https://openalex.org/W3043895269","https://openalex.org/W3056908629","https://openalex.org/W3103090513","https://openalex.org/W3153631680","https://openalex.org/W3163427068","https://openalex.org/W3169993218","https://openalex.org/W3173775817","https://openalex.org/W4206210145","https://openalex.org/W4224228060","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390491011","https://openalex.org/W2361687857","https://openalex.org/W2368717253","https://openalex.org/W2350823986","https://openalex.org/W2041612524","https://openalex.org/W2350327696","https://openalex.org/W1988279584","https://openalex.org/W2358128885","https://openalex.org/W4206085491","https://openalex.org/W3169993218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Waveform":[0],"measurement":[1],"units":[2],"(WMUs)":[3],"are":[4,55,110],"a":[5,58,179],"new":[6,32],"class":[7],"of":[8,84,95,107,133,149,156,172,199,225,247],"smart":[9],"grid":[10],"sensors.":[11],"They":[12,280],"capture":[13,164],"<italic":[14,35,39,63,81,128,157,270,287],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[15,36,40,64,82,129,158,271,288],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">synchro-waveforms</i>":[16],",":[17,131],"i.e.,":[18],"time-synchronized":[19],"high-resolution":[20],"voltage":[21],"waveform":[22,25,142],"and":[23,38,73,91,104,204,215,238,243,266],"current":[24],"measurements.":[26,52,143],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,121,145],"propose":[31],"methods":[33,54,76,206,268],"to":[34,163,185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">detect</i>":[37],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">classify</i>":[41],"power":[42,46,257],"quality":[43,258],"events":[44,259],"in":[45,138,153,169],"distribution":[47],"systems":[48],"by":[49,78],"using":[50],"synchro-waveform":[51],"The":[53,69,93,197,229,250,263],"built":[56],"upon":[57],"novel":[59],"graphical":[60],"concept,":[61],"called":[62],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">synchronized":[65],"Lissajous":[66,87,125,175,195],"curve</i>":[67],".":[68],"proposed":[70,201,227,230,251,264],"event":[71,74,109,202,231,252],"detection":[72,203,232,265],"classification":[75,205,253,267],"work":[77],"analyzing":[79],"the":[80,85,100,102,108,123,139,150,154,165,170,173,187,190,193,200,223,226,240,244,278],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">shape</i>":[83],"synchronized":[86,124,141,174,194],"curves":[88,126],"during":[89],"disturbances":[90],"events.":[92],"impact":[94],"challenging":[96],"factors,":[97],"such":[98],"as":[99,127,134,137,162,284,286],"angle,":[101],"location,":[103],"other":[105],"parameters":[106],"discussed.":[111],"We":[112,177],"show":[113],"that":[114],"these":[115],"challenges":[116],"can":[117,146,234,255],"be":[118],"addressed":[119],"if":[120],"treat":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">images</i>":[130],"instead":[132],"time":[135,242,246],"series":[136],"raw":[140],"Hence,":[144],"take":[147],"advantage":[148],"recent":[151],"advancements":[152],"field":[155,217],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">image":[159],"processing</i>":[160],"so":[161],"overall":[166],"characterizing":[167],"patterns":[168],"shapes":[171],"curves.":[176],"develop":[178],"Convolutional":[180],"Neural":[181],"Network":[182],"(CNN)":[183],"method":[184,233,254],"classify":[186,256],"events,":[188,237],"where":[189],"input":[191],"is":[192,207],"images.":[196],"effectiveness":[198],"demonstrated":[208],"through":[209],"computer":[210],"simulations,":[211,214],"including":[212],"hardware-in-the-loop":[213],"real-world":[216],"data.":[218],"Multiple":[219],"case":[220],"studies":[221],"verify":[222],"performance":[224],"methods.":[228],"accurately":[235],"detect":[236],"identify":[239],"start":[241],"end":[245],"each":[248],"event.":[249],"with":[260],"high":[261],"accuracy.":[262],"do":[269],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">not</i>":[272],"require":[273],"any":[274],"prior":[275],"knowledge":[276],"about":[277],"network.":[279],"use":[281],"data":[282],"from":[283],"few":[285],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">only":[289],"two</i>":[290],"WMUs.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}