{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285512448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650","title":"Time-of-Use Pricing for Energy Storage Investment","display_name":"Time-of-Use Pricing for Energy Storage Investment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285512448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040923292","display_name":"Dongwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377976","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-7938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062346297","display_name":"Jianwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering and the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering and the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082208896","display_name":"Xiaojun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-7212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90688061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"1165","last_page":"1177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.617572546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5420469045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.44360488653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4405936002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41912221908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.39896178245544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39263972640037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.3776480555534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3668847680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.27684250473976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14885127544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12110745906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.11200350522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10109445452690125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.617572546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5420469045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44360488653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4405936002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41912221908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39896178245544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39263972640037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3776480555534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3668847680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27684250473976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14885127544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12110745906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11200350522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10109445452690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3136650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7152194305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2129631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570220941","https://openalex.org/W2049219350","https://openalex.org/W2080856707","https://openalex.org/W2124659975","https://openalex.org/W2129460570","https://openalex.org/W2267586429","https://openalex.org/W2312916492","https://openalex.org/W2344612083","https://openalex.org/W2497152198","https://openalex.org/W2501288577","https://openalex.org/W2593687240","https://openalex.org/W2752935005","https://openalex.org/W2768813927","https://openalex.org/W2769010548","https://openalex.org/W2781878335","https://openalex.org/W2809036477","https://openalex.org/W2811312771","https://openalex.org/W2920016744","https://openalex.org/W2964091710","https://openalex.org/W2965729466","https://openalex.org/W3115071265","https://openalex.org/W3124043293","https://openalex.org/W4212865443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153616033","https://openalex.org/W4281699453","https://openalex.org/W4381857036","https://openalex.org/W4293860064","https://openalex.org/W4366548010","https://openalex.org/W2365011578","https://openalex.org/W2381327610","https://openalex.org/W3035656824","https://openalex.org/W3160208840","https://openalex.org/W3082848634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-of-use":[0],"(ToU)":[1],"pricing":[2,16,49,82,123,154],"is":[3,184],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"by":[6,84],"the":[7,39,61,94,97,108,131,151,167,177],"electricity":[8],"utility":[9,98],"to":[10,22,29,53,65,77,114,141],"shave":[11],"peak":[12,31],"load.":[13],"Such":[14],"a":[15,79,102,121,157],"scheme":[17,50,83,124],"provides":[18],"users":[19,59,100],"with":[20,155,176],"incentives":[21],"invest":[23],"in":[24],"behind-the-meter":[25],"energy":[26,42,67],"storage":[27,43,90,117,128],"and":[28,99,130],"shift":[30],"load":[32],"towards":[33],"low-price":[34],"intervals.":[35],"However,":[36],"without":[37],"considering":[38,86],"implication":[40],"on":[41,89,126,162],"investment,":[44],"an":[45],"improperly":[46],"designed":[47],"ToU":[48,81,122,153,173],"may":[51],"lead":[52],"significant":[54],"welfare":[55],"loss,":[56],"especially":[57],"when":[58],"over-invest":[60],"storage,":[62],"which":[63],"leads":[64],"new":[66],"consumption":[68],"peaks.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,119],"will":[74],"study":[75],"how":[76],"design":[78],"social-optimum":[80],"explicitly":[85],"its":[87],"impact":[88],"investment.":[91],"We":[92,147],"model":[93],"interactions":[95],"between":[96],"as":[101],"two-stage":[103],"optimization":[104],"problem.":[105],"To":[106],"resolve":[107],"challenge":[109],"of":[110,170],"asymmetric":[111],"information":[112],"due":[113],"users\u2019":[115],"private":[116,144],"cost,":[118],"propose":[120],"based":[125,161],"different":[127],"types":[129],"aggregate":[132],"demand":[133],"per":[134],"type.":[135],"Each":[136],"user":[137],"does":[138],"not":[139],"need":[140],"reveal":[142],"his":[143],"cost":[145],"information.":[146],"can":[148],"further":[149],"compute":[150],"optimal":[152],"only":[156],"linear":[158],"complexity.":[159],"Simulations":[160],"real-world":[163],"data":[164],"show":[165],"that":[166],"suboptimality":[168],"gap":[169],"our":[171],"proposed":[172],"pricing,":[174],"compared":[175],"social":[178],"optimum":[179],"achieved":[180],"under":[181],"complete":[182],"information,":[183],"less":[185],"than":[186],"5%.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}