{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215852736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","title":"Unified Impedance-Based Relaying Scheme for the Protection of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid","display_name":"Unified Impedance-Based Relaying Scheme for the Protection of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215852736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","mag":"3215852736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078076567","display_name":"Reddipalli Bhargav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reddipalli Bhargav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-2603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103112086","display_name":"Chandra Prakash Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandra P. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-0486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042001509","display_name":"Bhavesh R. Bhalja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-7146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavesh R. Bhalja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-7146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91887624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"913","last_page":"927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8864846229553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6966554522514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6217706203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5572378635406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5261868238449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-bias","display_name":"DC bias","score":0.45470884442329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4540856182575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43250176310539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42912352085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-indicator","display_name":"Fault indicator","score":0.42868390679359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3990098237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3269810378551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.305508553981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20738255977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06720948219299316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8864846229553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6966554522514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6217706203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5572378635406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5261868238449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88682704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2907415","display_name":"DC bias","level":3,"score":0.45470884442329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4540856182575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43250176310539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42912352085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21267803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438159","display_name":"Fault indicator","level":4,"score":0.42868390679359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3990098237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3269810378551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.305508553981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20738255977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06720948219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3129532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1962199382","https://openalex.org/W2029652003","https://openalex.org/W2061842621","https://openalex.org/W2069032722","https://openalex.org/W2072152781","https://openalex.org/W2073887634","https://openalex.org/W2076238078","https://openalex.org/W2080326549","https://openalex.org/W2084874204","https://openalex.org/W2085257739","https://openalex.org/W2109358332","https://openalex.org/W2122351165","https://openalex.org/W2128556491","https://openalex.org/W2129292867","https://openalex.org/W2138199994","https://openalex.org/W2144898487","https://openalex.org/W2148895869","https://openalex.org/W2149755266","https://openalex.org/W2165514699","https://openalex.org/W2339766197","https://openalex.org/W2344779444","https://openalex.org/W2418823788","https://openalex.org/W2527144401","https://openalex.org/W2552606561","https://openalex.org/W2574865510","https://openalex.org/W2579461652","https://openalex.org/W2607504889","https://openalex.org/W2617617186","https://openalex.org/W2666442234","https://openalex.org/W2734470972","https://openalex.org/W2735324707","https://openalex.org/W2784952821","https://openalex.org/W2802672326","https://openalex.org/W2906913106","https://openalex.org/W2973424750","https://openalex.org/W3141014690","https://openalex.org/W4252915777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2996504698","https://openalex.org/W3217086030","https://openalex.org/W3146005192","https://openalex.org/W3040300087","https://openalex.org/W4283117930","https://openalex.org/W4226496782","https://openalex.org/W2030720381","https://openalex.org/W4285049417","https://openalex.org/W2350251039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Even":[0],"though":[1],"the":[2,61,78,127,130,156,174],"implementation":[3],"of":[4,32,129,155],"hybrid":[5,56,118],"AC/DC":[6,57,119,159,165],"microgrid":[7,120],"is":[8,53],"increasing,":[9],"their":[10],"protection":[11,34,160,166],"schemes":[12,167,178],"face":[13],"multiple":[14],"challenges":[15],"such":[16,93],"as":[17,94],"inconsistent":[18],"fault":[19,48,91,102,105,145,187,193],"current":[20],"supply":[21],"from":[22],"DGs,":[23],"difficulty":[24],"in":[25,121,133,142,171],"discriminating":[26,134],"internal/":[27],"external":[28,88,138],"faults":[29,86,99,136],"and":[30,39,50,69,87,104,113,140,176,190],"missing":[31],"universal":[33],"scheme":[35,52,161],"for":[36,55,66,75],"both":[37,111,173],"AC":[38,67,112,175],"DC":[40,76,114,177],"distribution":[41],"networks.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"regard,":[45],"a":[46,71,152,181],"unified":[47,158],"detection":[49,188],"localization":[51,194],"proposed":[54,131,157],"microgrid.":[58],"By":[59],"measuring":[60],"impedance":[62],"at":[63,70],"system":[64],"frequency":[65,74],"circuit":[68],"specific":[72],"pre-inserted":[73],"network,":[77],"suggested":[79],"technique":[80],"achieves":[81],"proper":[82],"discrimination":[83],"between":[84],"internal":[85,135],"events.":[89],"Several":[90],"scenarios":[92],"internal/external":[95],"faults,":[96],"single/double":[97],"line":[98],"with":[100,137,162],"varying":[101],"location":[103,146],"resistance":[106],"have":[107],"been":[108],"investigated":[109],"on":[110],"circuits":[115],"by":[116],"modeling":[117],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[122],"environment.":[123,150],"The":[124],"results":[125],"reveal":[126],"effectiveness":[128],"algorithm":[132],"events":[139],"also":[141],"estimating":[143],"accurate":[144],"even":[147],"under":[148],"noisy":[149],"Finally,":[151],"comparative":[153],"evaluation":[154],"other":[163],"individual":[164],"shows":[168],"its":[169],"superiority":[170],"combining":[172],"together":[179],"into":[180],"single":[182],"relay,":[183],"having":[184],"an":[185,191],"improved":[186],"time":[189],"increased":[192],"accuracy.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}