{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201324288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","title":"Vulnerability Assessment for Coupled Network Consisting of Power Grid and EV Traffic Network","display_name":"Vulnerability Assessment for Coupled Network Consisting of Power Grid and EV Traffic Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201324288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","mag":"3201324288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377349","display_name":"Nian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","[State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China. (e-mail: nianliu@ncepu.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China. (e-mail: nianliu@ncepu.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001795271","display_name":"Xuejun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China))"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China))","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995522","display_name":"Li Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100190 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100190 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128819","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070195520","display_name":"Xinghuo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghuo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100377349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96927146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"589","last_page":"598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.6299030780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5468922257423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5318934917449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.47521692514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.46231135725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.46175599098205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38835954666137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3662295341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.36603718996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3646308481693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3527381122112274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13715583086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.07688289880752563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.6299030780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5468922257423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5318934917449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.47521692514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.46231135725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.46175599098205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38835954666137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3662295341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36603718996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3646308481693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3527381122112274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13715583086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.07688289880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3112464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma61RMIT.INST:11302229290001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200101199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3650039521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP200101199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5539803802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFF0305800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682091427","https://openalex.org/W1945760464","https://openalex.org/W1965424194","https://openalex.org/W1968686485","https://openalex.org/W1973947365","https://openalex.org/W1987314021","https://openalex.org/W1988396534","https://openalex.org/W2008544502","https://openalex.org/W2025761485","https://openalex.org/W2043008963","https://openalex.org/W2047232486","https://openalex.org/W2050246171","https://openalex.org/W2052444112","https://openalex.org/W2053795794","https://openalex.org/W2083638266","https://openalex.org/W2084426671","https://openalex.org/W2094392268","https://openalex.org/W2097218609","https://openalex.org/W2140193829","https://openalex.org/W2142702648","https://openalex.org/W2145176014","https://openalex.org/W2155202145","https://openalex.org/W2199142512","https://openalex.org/W2291785151","https://openalex.org/W2324861975","https://openalex.org/W2361182837","https://openalex.org/W2363653954","https://openalex.org/W2381162371","https://openalex.org/W2556470655","https://openalex.org/W2587622726","https://openalex.org/W2605772750","https://openalex.org/W2750155616","https://openalex.org/W2750705100","https://openalex.org/W2774050876","https://openalex.org/W2799727164","https://openalex.org/W2804851328","https://openalex.org/W2954517350","https://openalex.org/W2966917704","https://openalex.org/W2969461270","https://openalex.org/W2981431294","https://openalex.org/W3036993914","https://openalex.org/W6696839241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801067484","https://openalex.org/W2582380259","https://openalex.org/W2363900765","https://openalex.org/W2355455650","https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2005848461","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W2947584067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,14,41,51,67,71,96,101,108,112,121,124,130,133,142,156,159,165,199],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,103,123,132,158,163,201],"EV":[5,32],"in":[6,23,36,47,56,70,161,168,186],"transportation":[8],"system,":[9],"its":[10],"increasing":[11],"influence":[12],"on":[13,79,141],"power":[15,43,88,145,203],"system":[16],"has":[17],"attracted":[18],"more":[19,21],"and":[20,111,173],"attention":[22],"recent":[24],"years.":[25],"Under":[26],"such":[27],"a":[28,30,57,61,75,80,149,169,174,180,191,202],"background,":[29],"virtual":[31,62],"energy":[33,52,73,98,171],"network":[34,82,99,146],"(VEEN)":[35],"traffic":[37],"level":[38],"coupled":[39,72,97,125,147,170],"with":[40,148],"corresponding":[42],"grid":[44,204],"is":[45,84,93],"formed":[46],"this":[48,187],"paper,":[49],"considering":[50,100],"carried":[53],"by":[54,178],"EVs":[55],"specified":[58],"area":[59],"as":[60],"node.":[63],"To":[64],"further":[65],"identify":[66],"vulnerable":[68],"components":[69],"network,":[74,172],"hybrid":[76,87],"approach":[77],"based":[78],"complex":[81],"(CN)":[83],"presented.":[85],"A":[86],"transfer":[89],"distribution":[90],"factor":[91],"(HPTDF)":[92],"proposed":[94,134],"for":[95],"variation":[102],"VEENs":[104],"over":[105],"time.":[106],"Then,":[107],"line":[109],"betweenness":[110],"modified":[113],"time-varying":[114],"coupling":[115,194],"net-ability":[116],"are":[117,139],"designed":[118],"to":[119,128],"evaluate":[120],"vulnerability":[122,175,200],"network.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"demonstrate":[129],"applicability":[131],"models,":[135],"three":[136],"case":[137],"studies":[138],"performed":[140],"39-bus":[143],"IEEE":[144],"19-node":[150],"VEEN.":[151],"The":[152],"simulation":[153],"result":[154],"verifies":[155,189],"effectiveness":[157],"method":[160],"terms":[162],"identifying":[164],"critical":[166],"lines":[167],"assessment":[176],"progress":[177],"designing":[179],"slow-fast":[181],"dynamic":[182],"cascade":[183],"failure":[184],"simulator":[185],"paper":[188],"that":[190],"VEEN":[192],"layer":[193,205],"defense":[195],"strategy":[196],"can":[197],"decrease":[198],"under":[206],"random":[207],"attacks.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
