{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201253023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","title":"Power Loss Minimisation of Off-Grid Solar DC Nano-Grids\u2014Part II: A Quasi-Consensus-Based Distributed Control Algorithm","display_name":"Power Loss Minimisation of Off-Grid Solar DC Nano-Grids\u2014Part II: A Quasi-Consensus-Based Distributed Control Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201253023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","mag":"3201253023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/83528/1/Samende_etal_IEEETSG_2022_Power_loss_minimisation_of_off_grid_solar_DC_nano_grids_part_II.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049815979","display_name":"Cephas Samende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802123492","display_name":"Oxford Research Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00z4w4f29","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156248","display_name":"Oxford Institute for Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04f1srs73","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cephas Samende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-6198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492","https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040656567","display_name":"Sivapriya Mothilal Bhagavathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802123492","display_name":"Oxford Research Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00z4w4f29","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156248","display_name":"Oxford Institute for Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04f1srs73","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivapriya M. Bhagavathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-4308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492","https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053017921","display_name":"Malcolm McCulloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-1128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802123492","display_name":"Oxford Research Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00z4w4f29","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156248","display_name":"Oxford Institute for Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04f1srs73","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm McCulloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-1128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492","https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I4210156248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2135,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7730326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6265734434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6067771911621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5807702541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4988124370574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4811919331550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4479389786720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41360506415367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.41183996200561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3335312008857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3200226426124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2920157313346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.1787520945072174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11153143644332886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6265734434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6067771911621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5807702541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4988124370574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4811919331550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4479389786720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41360506415367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41183996200561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3335312008857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3200226426124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2920157313346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.1787520945072174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11153143644332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3111779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:83528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1402068.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/83528/1/Samende_etal_IEEETSG_2022_Power_loss_minimisation_of_off_grid_solar_DC_nano_grids_part_II.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:aef81036-fee6-4be7-9e4a-53aa62fff5bb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aef81036-fee6-4be7-9e4a-53aa62fff5bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:83528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1402068.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/83528/1/Samende_etal_IEEETSG_2022_Power_loss_minimisation_of_off_grid_solar_DC_nano_grids_part_II.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201253023.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201253023.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156063737","https://openalex.org/W1975727669","https://openalex.org/W2031076153","https://openalex.org/W2042790157","https://openalex.org/W2058770612","https://openalex.org/W2087811428","https://openalex.org/W2092315609","https://openalex.org/W2116540016","https://openalex.org/W2117618281","https://openalex.org/W2142398399","https://openalex.org/W2154786930","https://openalex.org/W2174315256","https://openalex.org/W2204096049","https://openalex.org/W2236849772","https://openalex.org/W2344383225","https://openalex.org/W2491866625","https://openalex.org/W2517871980","https://openalex.org/W2591914489","https://openalex.org/W2744810977","https://openalex.org/W2758032675","https://openalex.org/W2782012085","https://openalex.org/W2796518141","https://openalex.org/W2907473764","https://openalex.org/W2937084814","https://openalex.org/W2963079424","https://openalex.org/W3007532590","https://openalex.org/W3015108925","https://openalex.org/W3197536031","https://openalex.org/W6664407054","https://openalex.org/W6685062636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2102542442","https://openalex.org/W1986220761","https://openalex.org/W2988430768","https://openalex.org/W2344231792","https://openalex.org/W2530732290","https://openalex.org/W2007208597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,42,48,61,74,111,121,163,179,182,187],"power":[4,62,189],"loss":[5,63,94,103,190],"minimization":[6],"problem":[7,64],"of":[8,89,169,181],"solar":[9,171],"DC":[10,172],"nanogrids":[11],"that":[12,34,117],"are":[13,35,44,124,147],"designed":[14],"to":[15,19,47,108,132,161],"provide":[16],"energy":[17,31],"access":[18],"households":[20,158,177],"in":[21,57,149],"off-grid":[22],"areas.":[23],"We":[24],"consider":[25],"nano-grids":[26,43],"with":[27,174],"distributed":[28,56,82,151],"battery":[29,112,122],"storage":[30],"systems":[32],"and":[33,51,54,97,120],"enabled":[36],"by":[37],"multi-port":[38],"DC-DC":[39],"converters.":[40],"As":[41],"not":[45],"connected":[46],"national":[49],"grid":[50],"have":[52],"batteries":[53],"converters":[55],"each":[58],"household,":[59],"addressing":[60,186],"while":[65,115],"ensuring":[66,116],"supply-demand":[67,118],"balance":[68,119],"is":[69,106,130,159],"a":[70,78,150,170],"challenge.":[71],"To":[72],"address":[73],"challenge,":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"novel":[79],"quasi-consensus":[80],"based":[81],"control":[83,143,165],"approach.":[84],"The":[85,101,126],"proposed":[86,107,131,183],"approach":[87,184],"consists":[88],"two":[90],"algorithms":[91,146],"namely,":[92],"incremental":[93,102],"consensus":[95,99,104,128],"algorithm":[96,105,129],"voltage":[98,127,136],"algorithm.":[100],"optimally":[109],"schedule":[110],"charge/discharge":[113],"operation":[114],"constraints":[123],"satisfied.":[125],"determine":[133],"optimal":[134,142,164],"distribution":[135],"set":[137],"points":[138],"which":[139],"act":[140],"as":[141],"signals.":[144],"Both":[145],"implemented":[148],"manner,":[152],"where":[153],"minimal":[154],"information":[155],"exchange":[156],"between":[157],"required":[160],"obtain":[162],"actions.":[166],"Simulation":[167],"results":[168],"nano-grid":[173,188],"five":[175],"interconnected":[176],"verify":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"at":[185],"problem.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}