{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210949705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","title":"Deep Learning Method With Manual Post-Processing for Identification of Spectral Patterns of Waveform Distortion in PV Installations","display_name":"Deep Learning Method With Manual Post-Processing for Identification of Spectral Patterns of Waveform Distortion in PV Installations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210949705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","mag":"3210949705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063838872","display_name":"Roger Alves de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-5620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Alves de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009404954","display_name":"Vineetha Ravindran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vineetha Ravindran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043027712","display_name":"Sarah R\u00f6nnberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-0352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah K. Ronnberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046391029","display_name":"Math Bollen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-9529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Math H. J. Bollen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Electric Power Engineering, Energy Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063838872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66602203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"5444","last_page":"5456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7678760290145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7431203126907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6544843912124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.642269492149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6197933554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5944735407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5890548825263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5720971822738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.529226541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.527784526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.5104924440383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42504674196243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38457217812538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.38058897852897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36731284856796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34503287076950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15357008576393127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7678760290145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7431203126907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6544843912124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.642269492149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6197933554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5944735407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5890548825263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5720971822738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.529226541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.527784526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.5104924440383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42504674196243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38457217812538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.38058897852897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36731284856796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34503287076950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15357008576393127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3107908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6873269148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","funder_display_name":"Energimyndigheten"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","display_name":"Energimyndigheten","ror":"https://ror.org/0359z7n90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108379496","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1585836750","https://openalex.org/W1984965438","https://openalex.org/W1986754283","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2095769030","https://openalex.org/W2101364200","https://openalex.org/W2119365536","https://openalex.org/W2121065034","https://openalex.org/W2129940798","https://openalex.org/W2131456415","https://openalex.org/W2347190340","https://openalex.org/W2492181757","https://openalex.org/W2494301805","https://openalex.org/W2562483397","https://openalex.org/W2572220621","https://openalex.org/W2895777600","https://openalex.org/W2913132632","https://openalex.org/W2946618566","https://openalex.org/W2948852829","https://openalex.org/W2949883403","https://openalex.org/W2950220883","https://openalex.org/W2982117952","https://openalex.org/W2989720152","https://openalex.org/W2999438377","https://openalex.org/W2999957694","https://openalex.org/W3008241461","https://openalex.org/W3049613208","https://openalex.org/W4235603051","https://openalex.org/W4239048948","https://openalex.org/W4240471505","https://openalex.org/W6781925484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W2544509054","https://openalex.org/W1977430766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,61],"paper":[1,62,84],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,38,72,88],"deep":[4,39],"learning":[5],"(DL)":[6],"method":[7,67,91],"for":[8,75,92],"the":[9,59,65,83,99,104,108,116],"identification":[10],"of":[11,14,46,82],"spectral":[12],"patterns":[13,94,105],"time-varying":[15],"waveform":[16],"distortion":[17],"in":[18,32,95],"photovoltaic":[19],"(PV)":[20],"installations.":[21,121],"The":[22,79],"PQ":[23],"big":[24],"data":[25,77],"with":[26],"information":[27,114],"on":[28,103],"harmonic":[29],"and/or":[30],"interharmonics":[31],"PV":[33,53,120],"installations":[34,54],"is":[35],"handled":[36],"by":[37,42,107],"autoencoder":[40],"followed":[41],"feature":[43],"clustering.":[44],"Measurements":[45],"voltage":[47],"and":[48,111],"current":[49],"from":[50,118],"four":[51,119],"distinct":[52],"are":[55],"used":[56,70],"to":[57],"illustrate":[58],"method.":[60],"shows":[63],"that":[64],"DL":[66,90,109],"can":[68],"be":[69],"as":[71],"starting":[73],"point":[74],"further":[76],"analysis.":[78],"main":[80],"contributions":[81],"include:":[85],"(a)":[86],"providing":[87],"novel":[89],"finding":[93],"spectra;":[96],"(b)":[97],"guiding":[98],"manual":[100],"post-processing":[101],"based":[102],"found":[106],"method;":[110],"(c)":[112],"obtaining":[113],"about":[115],"emission":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}