{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194995120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","title":"Two-Stage Decoupled Estimation Approach of Aggregated Baseline Load Under High Penetration of Behind-the-Meter PV System","display_name":"Two-Stage Decoupled Estimation Approach of Aggregated Baseline Load Under High Penetration of Behind-the-Meter PV System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194995120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","mag":"3194995120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021855763","display_name":"Kangping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kangping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-7127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000765998","display_name":"Jichuan Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jichuan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103109651","display_name":"Lin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-8887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455868","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-9726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070506875","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0366-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0366-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021855763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.83,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98114696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"4876","last_page":"4885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.6896317005157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5949727892875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5800763368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5621258020401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5086739659309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.44749778509140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.444672167301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.27337658405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23209303617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23136582970619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.19299417734146118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.6896317005157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5949727892875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800763368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5621258020401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5086739659309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.44749778509140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.444672167301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.27337658405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23209303617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23136582970619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.19299417734146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3105747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2666068775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680552","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741957800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFE0122200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69112019","https://openalex.org/W1998373023","https://openalex.org/W2071884028","https://openalex.org/W2340673137","https://openalex.org/W2344823099","https://openalex.org/W2512474546","https://openalex.org/W2589489991","https://openalex.org/W2604099671","https://openalex.org/W2615363549","https://openalex.org/W2625227290","https://openalex.org/W2764018574","https://openalex.org/W2770635333","https://openalex.org/W2797889343","https://openalex.org/W2810779547","https://openalex.org/W2902432432","https://openalex.org/W2950614003","https://openalex.org/W2953049129","https://openalex.org/W2961273307","https://openalex.org/W2964598435","https://openalex.org/W3026041860","https://openalex.org/W3049610043","https://openalex.org/W3116597550","https://openalex.org/W3152798295","https://openalex.org/W6602786125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W1557905920","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2101155126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"aggregated":[1],"baseline":[2],"load":[3,28,108,112,136],"(ABL)":[4],"estimation":[5,41,74,82,156],"is":[6,57,97,147,158],"critical":[7],"for":[8],"the":[9,26,48,78,101,105,110,138,163,171,177,184],"implementation":[10],"of":[11,19,80,118,183],"incentive-based":[12],"demand":[13],"response":[14],"(DR).":[15],"The":[16,179],"increasing":[17],"penetration":[18,66],"invisible":[20],"behind-the-meter":[21],"photovoltaic":[22],"(BTM-PV)":[23],"systems":[24],"makes":[25],"net":[27,111],"less":[29],"predictable,":[30],"thus":[31],"posing":[32],"a":[33,71,115,151,191],"significant":[34],"challenge":[35],"to":[36,60,76,99,160,174],"ABL":[37,81,146],"estimation.":[38],"Current":[39],"direct":[40],"approaches":[42],"will":[43],"produce":[44],"large":[45],"errors":[46],"when":[47],"weather":[49,152],"changes":[50],"suddenly":[51],"on":[52],"DR":[53,139,172],"event":[54,140,173],"day,":[55],"which":[56],"very":[58],"likely":[59],"happen":[61],"especially":[62],"under":[63,83],"high":[64],"PV":[65,102,132,154],"scenarios.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"two-stage":[72],"decoupled":[73],"approach":[75,186],"improve":[77,176],"accuracy":[79],"BTM-PV":[84],"penetration.":[85],"In":[86,126],"<italic":[87,127],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[88,128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Stage":[89,129],"I</i>":[90],",":[91,131],"an":[92,148],"optimal":[93],"PV-Load":[94],"decoupling":[95],"method":[96,157],"proposed":[98,159,185],"decouple":[100],"power":[103,121,133,155],"and":[104,122,134,181],"actual":[106],"customer":[107,135],"from":[109],"only":[113,166],"using":[114,190],"small":[116],"number":[117],"observable":[119],"PVs":[120],"smart":[123,193],"meter":[124,194],"data.":[125],"II</i>":[130],"within":[137],"are":[141],"individually":[142],"estimated.":[143],"Particularly,":[144],"considering":[145],"ex-post":[149],"estimation,":[150],"classification-based":[153],"fully":[161],"utilize":[162],"information":[164],"not":[165],"before":[167],"but":[168],"also":[169],"after":[170],"further":[175],"accuracy.":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"superiority":[182],"have":[187],"been":[188],"verified":[189],"real":[192],"dataset.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
