{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190034924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","title":"Online Detection of Inter-Turn Winding Faults in Single-Phase Distribution Transformers Using Smart Meter Data","display_name":"Online Detection of Inter-Turn Winding Faults in Single-Phase Distribution Transformers Using Smart Meter Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190034924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","mag":"3190034924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1922421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018004146","display_name":"Kavya Ashok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-5160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kavya Ashok","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380657","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054372641","display_name":"Nagi Gebraeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-2401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagi Gebraeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011651188","display_name":"Deepak Divan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Divan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018004146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84407316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"5073","last_page":"5083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-transformer","display_name":"Distribution transformer","score":0.7376600503921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.5928537845611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5887676477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5319939851760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5162644386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficient-transformer","display_name":"Energy efficient transformer","score":0.4821479022502899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.469624787569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4537206292152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","score":0.4426668584346771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3999212682247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3202088177204132}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117323899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907989","display_name":"Distribution transformer","level":4,"score":0.7376600503921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.5928537845611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5887676477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5319939851760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5162644386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9121194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377050","display_name":"Energy efficient transformer","level":5,"score":0.4821479022502899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.469624787569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4537206292152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.4426668584346771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3999212682247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3202088177204132}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3102101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1922421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1922421","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1922421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1922421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1922421","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1922421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G563910614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-OE-0000877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334289","display_name":"Center for Distributed Energy, Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190034924.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190034924.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965338872","https://openalex.org/W2017841242","https://openalex.org/W2044885069","https://openalex.org/W2099665813","https://openalex.org/W2109809523","https://openalex.org/W2111944939","https://openalex.org/W2116217491","https://openalex.org/W2139068957","https://openalex.org/W2140417752","https://openalex.org/W2155176760","https://openalex.org/W2157202423","https://openalex.org/W2184424413","https://openalex.org/W2767916211","https://openalex.org/W2912957850","https://openalex.org/W2938022109","https://openalex.org/W2980290898","https://openalex.org/W3008023741","https://openalex.org/W3023210624","https://openalex.org/W3137278554","https://openalex.org/W4235358097","https://openalex.org/W6777316408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963477019","https://openalex.org/W2077778157","https://openalex.org/W2039168322","https://openalex.org/W2036959954","https://openalex.org/W3161194314","https://openalex.org/W3017739981","https://openalex.org/W2364006587","https://openalex.org/W2048016652","https://openalex.org/W3150572262","https://openalex.org/W2390051668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Turn-to-turn":[0],"faults":[1,35],"between":[2],"primary":[3],"windings":[4],"due":[5,19,44],"to":[6,20,45,90,111],"insulation":[7,61],"degradation":[8,62],"are":[9],"a":[10,54,79],"major":[11],"cause":[12],"of":[13,23,33,60,127,133],"distribution":[14],"transformer":[15,42,71],"failure,":[16],"and":[17,28,63,84],"occur":[18],"high":[21,114],"levels":[22],"stress":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,98,100],"overloading":[27],"overheating.":[29],"An":[30],"additional":[31],"consequence":[32],"these":[34],"is":[36,76],"an":[37],"increased":[38],"voltage":[39],"on":[40,78,87],"the":[41,70,125,128,131],"secondary":[43,72],"effective":[46],"change":[47],"in":[48,130],"turns":[49],"ratio.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52,122],"develops":[53],"novel":[55],"method":[56],"for":[57],"early":[58],"detection":[59,115],"subsequent":[64],"inter-turn":[65],"winding":[66],"failure":[67],"by":[68],"monitoring":[69],"voltage.":[73],"The":[74,121],"algorithm":[75,129],"based":[77],"cumulative":[80],"sum":[81],"(CUSUM)":[82],"statistic":[83],"compares":[85],"voltages":[86],"neighbouring":[88],"transformers":[89],"flag":[91],"degrading":[92],"assets.":[93],"Results":[94],"obtained":[95],"from":[96],"simulation":[97],"well":[99],"experimental":[101],"data":[102],"show":[103],"that":[104],"smart":[105],"meter":[106],"measurements":[107],"can":[108],"be":[109],"utilized":[110],"achieve":[112],"very":[113],"accuracy":[116],"while":[117],"keeping":[118],"costs":[119],"low.":[120],"also":[123],"demonstrates":[124],"validity":[126],"presence":[132],"measurement":[134],"noise,":[135],"residential":[136],"solar":[137],"power":[138],"injection":[139],"etc.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
