{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152210602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","title":"Forecast-Based Consensus Control for DC Microgrids Using Distributed Long Short-Term Memory Deep Learning Models","display_name":"Forecast-Based Consensus Control for DC Microgrids Using Distributed Long Short-Term Memory Deep Learning Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152210602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","mag":"3152210602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/71928","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007241551","display_name":"Seyed Amir Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-8866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Amir Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053766019","display_name":"Kamyar Mehran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyar Mehran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061146009","display_name":"Vahid Vahidinasab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Vahidinasab","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065382518","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. S. Catal\u00e0o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao P. S. Catalao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007241551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97425049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"3718","last_page":"3730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9707973003387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.6242367029190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6036785840988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5581957697868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.4937025010585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4872971773147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4582267701625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.44959843158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3748331665992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3490303158760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3232864439487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2524372935295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.18704187870025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.16995811462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11022228002548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09092691540718079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9707973003387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.6242367029190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6036785840988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5581957697868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.4937025010585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4872971773147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4582267701625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.44959843158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3748331665992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3490303158760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3232864439487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2524372935295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.18704187870025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16995811462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11022228002548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09092691540718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3070959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:42737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/71928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/71928","pdf_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/71928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/71928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/71928","pdf_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/71928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152210602.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651290077","https://openalex.org/W1790870804","https://openalex.org/W1966550988","https://openalex.org/W1987938889","https://openalex.org/W1997336511","https://openalex.org/W2004025832","https://openalex.org/W2004132802","https://openalex.org/W2011021089","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2075846637","https://openalex.org/W2082240199","https://openalex.org/W2090742183","https://openalex.org/W2100945405","https://openalex.org/W2127192673","https://openalex.org/W2215699581","https://openalex.org/W2289500935","https://openalex.org/W2339636646","https://openalex.org/W2519259597","https://openalex.org/W2553165053","https://openalex.org/W2560013550","https://openalex.org/W2597866042","https://openalex.org/W2620592416","https://openalex.org/W2620873978","https://openalex.org/W2729606743","https://openalex.org/W2739420384","https://openalex.org/W2751698537","https://openalex.org/W2754252319","https://openalex.org/W2767186681","https://openalex.org/W2773629498","https://openalex.org/W2787226165","https://openalex.org/W2790975665","https://openalex.org/W2797254880","https://openalex.org/W2802229284","https://openalex.org/W2809710708","https://openalex.org/W2889239290","https://openalex.org/W2891999340","https://openalex.org/W2906164500","https://openalex.org/W2915786998","https://openalex.org/W2916628807","https://openalex.org/W2943172228","https://openalex.org/W2950420436","https://openalex.org/W2963702394","https://openalex.org/W2981921200","https://openalex.org/W2994925945","https://openalex.org/W3009377873","https://openalex.org/W3019252868","https://openalex.org/W3094811400","https://openalex.org/W3134975429","https://openalex.org/W6747978461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355150740","https://openalex.org/W1570369983","https://openalex.org/W1648601595","https://openalex.org/W2906602677","https://openalex.org/W3090776330","https://openalex.org/W2051053503","https://openalex.org/W3112588909","https://openalex.org/W1993958856","https://openalex.org/W2943443863","https://openalex.org/W4285489651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,63,119],"microgrid,":[2],"renewable":[3],"energy":[4,17],"sources":[5],"(RES)":[6],"exhibit":[7],"stochastic":[8],"behavior,":[9],"which":[10],"affects":[11],"the":[12,24,28,33,49,53,74,81,87,94,109,135,139,143,147,156,162,174,181,195,198,201],"microgrid":[13,54,88,144,191],"continuous":[14,50],"operation.":[15],"Normally,":[16],"storage":[18],"systems":[19],"(ESSs)":[20],"are":[21,100],"installed":[22],"on":[23,108,124,186],"main":[25],"branches":[26],"of":[27,39,52,57,77,84,105,138,149,161,180,200],"microgrids":[29,71],"to":[30,44,47,141,155,172],"compensate":[31],"for":[32,69],"load-supply":[34,82],"mismatch.":[35],"However,":[36],"their":[37],"state":[38],"charge":[40],"(SoC)":[41],"level":[42],"needs":[43],"be":[45],"balanced":[46],"guarantee":[48],"operation":[51],"in":[55,146],"case":[56],"RES":[58,110],"unavailability.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"distributed":[64,165],"forecast-based":[65],"consensus":[66],"control":[67],"strategy":[68,183],"DC":[70,190],"that":[72,132],"balances":[73],"SoC":[75],"levels":[76],"ESSs.":[78],"By":[79],"using":[80],"forecast":[83],"each":[85],"branch,":[86],"operational":[89],"continuity":[90],"is":[91,96,170,184],"increased":[92],"while":[93],"voltage":[95],"stabilized.":[97],"These":[98],"objectives":[99],"achieved":[101],"by":[102],"prioritized":[103],"(dis)charging":[104,136],"ESSs":[106,140],"based":[107,123],"availability":[111],"and":[112,194],"load":[113,120],"forecast.":[114],"Each":[115],"branch":[116],"controller":[117,202],"integrates":[118],"forecasting":[121],"unit":[122],"long":[125],"short-term":[126],"memory":[127],"(LSTM)":[128],"deep":[129],"neural":[130],"network":[131],"adaptively":[133],"adjusts":[134],"rate":[137],"increase":[142],"endurability":[145],"event":[148],"temporary":[150],"generation":[151],"insufficiencies.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"due":[154],"large":[157],"training":[158],"data":[159],"requirements":[160],"LSTM":[163],"models,":[164],"extended":[166],"Kalman":[167],"filter":[168],"algorithm":[169],"used":[171],"improve":[173],"learning":[175],"convergence":[176],"time.":[177],"The":[178],"performance":[179],"proposed":[182],"evaluated":[185],"an":[187],"experimental":[188],"380V":[189],"hardware-in-the-loop":[192],"test-bench":[193],"results":[196],"confirm":[197],"achievement":[199],"objectives.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}