{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092303060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","title":"Cyberattacks Against Event-Based Analysis in Micro-PMUs: Attack Models and Counter Measures","display_name":"Cyberattacks Against Event-Based Analysis in Micro-PMUs: Attack Models and Counter Measures","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092303060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","mag":"3092303060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085871095","display_name":"Mohasinina Binte Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-4227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohasinina Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048975224","display_name":"Mohammad Farajollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Farajollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011175649","display_name":"Hamidreza Nazaripouya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Nazaripouya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010390337","display_name":"Hamed Mohsenian\u2010Rad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Mohsenian-Rad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085871095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8881866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1577","last_page":"1588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.8913571834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6448450088500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5600324869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.5496297478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.5235045552253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4832221269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4660801589488983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.46133244037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.44365668296813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.43299034237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4186665117740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41813576221466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3984795808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3388144373893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32991206645965576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.8913571834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6448450088500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5600324869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5496297478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.5235045552253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4832221269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4660801589488983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.46133244037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.44365668296813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43299034237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4186665117740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41813576221466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3984795808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3388144373893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32991206645965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3029937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0qj1v4xk","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qj1v4xk","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5133932682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LFR-18-548175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","funder_display_name":"Office of the President, University of California"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","display_name":"Office of the President, University of California","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978718488","https://openalex.org/W2041818766","https://openalex.org/W2063510917","https://openalex.org/W2096943410","https://openalex.org/W2105582581","https://openalex.org/W2119114221","https://openalex.org/W2119740108","https://openalex.org/W2144603932","https://openalex.org/W2199142512","https://openalex.org/W2477566801","https://openalex.org/W2509886757","https://openalex.org/W2514791526","https://openalex.org/W2525022545","https://openalex.org/W2536253410","https://openalex.org/W2563001675","https://openalex.org/W2585316664","https://openalex.org/W2592597630","https://openalex.org/W2597776218","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2724765071","https://openalex.org/W2740840550","https://openalex.org/W2765284446","https://openalex.org/W2766274075","https://openalex.org/W2768962770","https://openalex.org/W2769204296","https://openalex.org/W2770265749","https://openalex.org/W2777222809","https://openalex.org/W2792818654","https://openalex.org/W2799220543","https://openalex.org/W2800233816","https://openalex.org/W2810187563","https://openalex.org/W2908704107","https://openalex.org/W2912810656","https://openalex.org/W2946790931","https://openalex.org/W2949160428","https://openalex.org/W2964940009","https://openalex.org/W2977367995","https://openalex.org/W3003828783","https://openalex.org/W3005131258","https://openalex.org/W3023419847","https://openalex.org/W4231796025","https://openalex.org/W6774185843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285815984","https://openalex.org/W3012108206","https://openalex.org/W1971521944","https://openalex.org/W2618159251","https://openalex.org/W4232028087","https://openalex.org/W2021125570","https://openalex.org/W4285227915","https://openalex.org/W2902479158","https://openalex.org/W3002735340","https://openalex.org/W4352980917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182,198],"recent":[1],"advent":[2],"of":[3,16,25,39,44,94,103,114,161,188],"distribution-level":[4],"phasor":[5,145],"measurement":[6],"units":[7],"(D-PMUs),":[8],"a.k.a.,":[9],"micro-PMUs,":[10],"has":[11],"introduced":[12],"a":[13,64,67,77,88,127,136,148,154,179],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"new":[17],"applications":[18,28],"in":[19,41,83,87,135,143,147],"power":[20,96,206],"distribution":[21,207],"systems.":[22],"A":[23],"sub-class":[24],"such":[26,115],"emerging":[27],"are":[29,141,169],"called":[30],"event-based":[31,105],"methods.":[32,106],"These":[33],"methods":[34],"focus":[35],"on":[36,91,202],"the":[37,42,70,92,95,101,104,139,144,159,162,175,203],"analysis":[38,129],"events":[40,140],"stream":[43],"micro-PMU":[45,71],"measurements":[46,72,177,195],"to":[47,130,157,173],"achieve":[48],"situational":[49],"awareness,":[50],"enhance":[51],"load":[52],"modeling,":[53],"integrate":[54],"distributed":[55],"energy":[56],"resources,":[57],"etc.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"article,":[61],"we":[62,108,152],"explore":[63],"scenario,":[65],"where":[66,138],"cyberattack":[68],"compromises":[69],"during":[73],"an":[74],"event.":[75],"Such":[76],"targeted":[78],"attack":[79,133,163],"could":[80],"be":[81],"limited":[82],"scope":[84],"but":[85],"result":[86],"major":[89],"impact":[90],"operation":[93],"grid":[97],"by":[98],"highly":[99],"deviating":[100],"outcome":[102],"First,":[107],"investigate":[109],"and":[110,120,164],"model":[111],"two":[112],"types":[113],"attacks,":[116],"event-unsynchronized":[117],"(basic)":[118],"attacks":[119],"event-synchronized":[121],"(advanced)":[122],"attacks.":[123],"We":[124],"then":[125,165],"conduct":[126],"geometric":[128],"understand":[131],"each":[132],"type,":[134],"setting":[137],"represented":[142],"domain":[146],"differential":[149],"mode.":[150],"Next,":[151],"introduce":[153],"novel":[155],"method":[156,199],"detect":[158],"presence":[160],"identify":[166],"which":[167],"micro-PMUs":[168],"compromised":[170,176],"so":[171],"as":[172,178,190,192],"discard":[174],"defense":[180],"mechanism.":[181],"proposed":[183],"approach":[184],"makes":[185],"critical":[186],"use":[187],"magnitude":[189],"well":[191],"phase":[193],"angle":[194],"from":[196],"micro-PMUs.":[197],"is":[200],"tested":[201],"IEEE":[204],"33-bus":[205],"test":[208],"system.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}