{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088811657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","title":"Mobility-Aware Charging Scheduling for Shared On-Demand Electric Vehicle Fleet Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Mobility-Aware Charging Scheduling for Shared On-Demand Electric Vehicle Fleet Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088811657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","mag":"3088811657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043883557","display_name":"Yanchang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanchang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050395122","display_name":"Zhaohao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-260X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010781360","display_name":"Tao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067950969","display_name":"Wei\u2010Jen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-468X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Jen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Systems Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-468X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Systems Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043883557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9870417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1380","last_page":"1393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.791694164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7814092636108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6579098105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6231630444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.5795256495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.47143521904945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.46474191546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.460158109664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4372452199459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.43546587228775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4352783262729645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.39899563789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.38551926612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.2552988827228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24614524841308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20590180158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11040818691253662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.791694164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7814092636108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6579098105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6231630444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.5795256495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.47143521904945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.46474191546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.460158109664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4372452199459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.43546587228775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4352783262729645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39899563789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.38551926612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.2552988827228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24614524841308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20590180158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11040818691253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3025082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2781810410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G709719682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019MS054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1595483645","https://openalex.org/W2077440620","https://openalex.org/W2089415692","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2109910161","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2137398591","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2141582988","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2165131254","https://openalex.org/W2182736658","https://openalex.org/W2194966727","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2263673729","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2785315072","https://openalex.org/W2808810245","https://openalex.org/W2899639849","https://openalex.org/W2904430055","https://openalex.org/W2914154006","https://openalex.org/W2949143043","https://openalex.org/W2952281591","https://openalex.org/W2962764167","https://openalex.org/W2963679997","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972615367","https://openalex.org/W2982210950","https://openalex.org/W2985510430","https://openalex.org/W3000016760","https://openalex.org/W3020239300","https://openalex.org/W3034055718","https://openalex.org/W3039638116","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W3098751023","https://openalex.org/W3106464996","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6635465357","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096013579","https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W1760611253","https://openalex.org/W1515117609","https://openalex.org/W1589140671","https://openalex.org/W4323315247","https://openalex.org/W2294884454","https://openalex.org/W3169161914","https://openalex.org/W4321379664","https://openalex.org/W2211790881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,42,49,85,100,109,119,148,168,172,184,187],"emerging":[2],"concept":[3],"of":[4,44,88,96,151,171,186],"sharing-economy,":[5],"shared":[6,36],"electric":[7],"vehicles":[8],"(EVs)":[9],"are":[10],"playing":[11],"a":[12,54,75,115,134,142,156,163],"more":[13,15],"and":[14,31,61,94,106],"important":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18],"future":[19],"mobility-on-demand":[20],"traffic":[21],"system.":[22],"This":[23],"article":[24],"considers":[25],"joint":[26,50],"charging":[27],"scheduling,":[28],"order":[29,107],"dispatching,":[30],"vehicle":[32],"rebalancing":[33,144],"for":[34],"large-scale":[35],"EV":[37,125],"fleet":[38,45],"operator.":[39],"To":[40],"maximize":[41],"welfare":[43],"operator,":[46],"we":[47,154],"model":[48],"decision":[51,58,120],"making":[52],"as":[53,114,162],"partially":[55],"observable":[56],"Markov":[57],"process":[59],"(POMDP)":[60],"apply":[62],"deep":[63],"reinforcement":[64],"learning":[65],"(DRL)":[66],"combined":[67],"with":[68,159,177],"binary":[69],"linear":[70],"programming":[71],"(BLP)":[72],"to":[73,83,133,146,166],"develop":[74],"near-optimal":[76,169],"solution.":[77],"The":[78],"neural":[79],"network":[80],"is":[81,112],"used":[82],"evaluate":[84],"state":[86,101],"value":[87],"EVs":[89],"at":[90],"different":[91],"times,":[92],"locations,":[93],"states":[95],"charge.":[97,138],"Based":[98],"on":[99],"value,":[102],"dynamic":[103],"electricity":[104],"prices":[105],"information,":[108],"online":[110],"scheduling":[111],"modeled":[113],"BLP":[116],"problem":[117],"where":[118],"variables":[121],"representing":[122],"whether":[123],"an":[124,129],"will":[126],"1)":[127],"take":[128],"order,":[130],"2)":[131],"rebalance":[132],"position,":[135],"or":[136],"3)":[137],"We":[139],"also":[140],"propose":[141],"constrained":[143],"method":[145,158],"improve":[147],"exploration":[149],"efficiency":[150],"training.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"provide":[155],"tabular":[157],"proved":[160],"convergence":[161],"fallback":[164],"option":[165],"demonstrate":[167],"characteristics":[170],"proposed":[173,188],"approach.":[174],"Simulation":[175],"experiments":[176],"real-world":[178],"data":[179],"from":[180],"Haikou":[181],"City":[182],"verify":[183],"effectiveness":[185],"method.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
