{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083972235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","title":"Coordinated Control of Air-Conditioning Loads for System Frequency Regulation","display_name":"Coordinated Control of Air-Conditioning Loads for System Frequency Regulation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083972235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","mag":"3083972235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018349743","display_name":"Tingyu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tingyu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056099862","display_name":"Ping Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329467","display_name":"Chong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402297","display_name":"Hongyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-0618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041003597","display_name":"Jingzi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingzi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018349743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96512525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"548","last_page":"560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7630215883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7438622117042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.7067281603813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.6703598499298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5241753458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.5042358636856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.5015616416931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.47161582112312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4691045880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46187281608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4503454566001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.4485512971878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.4417318105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.4209164083003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3655305504798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.35850638151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.35602521896362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2235557734966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16376540064811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15375438332557678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7630215883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7438622117042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.7067281603813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.6703598499298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5241753458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.5042358636856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.5015616416931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.47161582112312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4691045880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46187281608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4503454566001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.4485512971878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.4417318105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4209164083003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3655305504798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.35850638151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.35602521896362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2235557734966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16376540064811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15375438332557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3022010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5817749742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8773428004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51837004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W295802","https://openalex.org/W1967831571","https://openalex.org/W1975404935","https://openalex.org/W1981076358","https://openalex.org/W1992632870","https://openalex.org/W2000095956","https://openalex.org/W2007478227","https://openalex.org/W2009022268","https://openalex.org/W2058123400","https://openalex.org/W2090519047","https://openalex.org/W2105653794","https://openalex.org/W2116672760","https://openalex.org/W2122032342","https://openalex.org/W2158706071","https://openalex.org/W2159789716","https://openalex.org/W2167871637","https://openalex.org/W2169799656","https://openalex.org/W2174209625","https://openalex.org/W2211350174","https://openalex.org/W2262565941","https://openalex.org/W2306601353","https://openalex.org/W2327618738","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2465923267","https://openalex.org/W2490535585","https://openalex.org/W2515863312","https://openalex.org/W2523212786","https://openalex.org/W2563737383","https://openalex.org/W2593658944","https://openalex.org/W2598501126","https://openalex.org/W2615745782","https://openalex.org/W2621879815","https://openalex.org/W2682836610","https://openalex.org/W2742097518","https://openalex.org/W2784212845","https://openalex.org/W2796426818","https://openalex.org/W2801235809","https://openalex.org/W2809047367","https://openalex.org/W2885021976","https://openalex.org/W2893239251","https://openalex.org/W2893905596","https://openalex.org/W2900630491","https://openalex.org/W2916713776","https://openalex.org/W2918351957","https://openalex.org/W2963612707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W2390170715","https://openalex.org/W2378464810","https://openalex.org/W2202113708","https://openalex.org/W4386066785","https://openalex.org/W2350745223","https://openalex.org/W1982646267","https://openalex.org/W2104973077","https://openalex.org/W2807747264","https://openalex.org/W2771637713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,174],"increasing":[1],"penetration":[2],"of":[3,70,149,205],"renewable":[4],"generation":[5,77],"presents":[6,23],"challenges":[7],"for":[8,28,162],"system":[9,18,194],"frequency":[10,29,42,47,56,89,181],"regulation":[11,30,43,57,62,126,156,182],"due":[12],"to":[13,39,53,81,100,106,123,144,152,167],"short-term":[14],"power":[15,63,127,170,201],"fluctuations":[16],"and":[17,45,195],"inertia":[19],"reductions.":[20],"This":[21],"article":[22],"a":[24,95,115,130,159,191],"coordinated":[25],"control":[26,176,208],"strategy":[27,177],"in":[31,91,190],"which":[32],"inverter":[33],"air-conditioning":[34,48],"(IAC)":[35],"units":[36,50,85,105,151,164],"are":[37,51],"used":[38,52],"perform":[40,54],"primary":[41],"(PFR)":[44],"fixed":[46],"(FFAC)":[49],"secondary":[55],"(SFR).":[58],"In":[59,113],"PFR,":[60],"the":[61,68,71,88,103,125,137,146,154,169,203,206],"is":[64,79,98,121,142,165],"provided":[65],"by":[66],"adjusting":[67],"setpoints":[69],"IAC":[72,84,104],"units.":[73],"A":[74],"random":[75],"number":[76],"method":[78,97,120,141,161],"proposed":[80,166,175,207],"stochastically":[82],"trigger":[83],"based":[86],"on":[87,135],"deviation":[90],"real":[92],"time.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"recovery":[96,160],"presented":[99,143],"stably":[101],"restore":[102],"their":[107],"initial":[108],"operating":[109],"states":[110],"after":[111,172],"regulation.":[112,173],"SFR,":[114],"constant":[116],"equivalent":[117],"duty":[118],"ratio":[119],"raised":[122],"keep":[124],"stable":[128],"over":[129],"long":[131],"instruction":[132],"interval.":[133],"Based":[134],"this,":[136],"transforming":[138],"time":[139],"interval":[140],"determine":[145],"ON/OFF":[147],"status":[148],"FFAC":[150,163],"provide":[153],"required":[155],"power.":[157],"Additionally,":[158],"mitigate":[168],"rebound":[171],"achieves":[178],"an":[179,196],"improved":[180],"effect":[183],"with":[184,199],"fewer":[185],"communication":[186],"demands.":[187],"Dynamic":[188],"simulations":[189],"six-machine":[192],"two-area":[193],"isolated":[197],"microgrid":[198],"wind":[200],"verify":[202],"effectiveness":[204],"strategy.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}