{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042304889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","title":"Outage Detection in Partially Observable Distribution Systems Using Smart Meters and Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"Outage Detection in Partially Observable Distribution Systems Using Smart Meters and Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042304889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","mag":"3042304889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1961198","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028000580","display_name":"Yuxuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-4905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004312705","display_name":"Kaveh Dehghanpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaveh Dehghanpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-6817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048156704","display_name":"Fankun Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fankun Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-5163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659515","display_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-0562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-0562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92303527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"5418","last_page":"5430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.699307382106781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6066721081733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5891095995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5343866348266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5339767932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.473463237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.47155332565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4318247139453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4224664866924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.41481897234916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33303511142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2893983721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1752317249774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.11696422100067139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.699307382106781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6066721081733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5891095995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5343866348266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5339767932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.473463237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.47155332565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4318247139453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4224664866924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.41481897234916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33303511142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2893983721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1752317249774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.11696422100067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1961198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1961198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1961198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1961198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4309844530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS 1929975","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673563620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-OE0000875","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8724540580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TSG-01853-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601595161","https://openalex.org/W1849765715","https://openalex.org/W1969576074","https://openalex.org/W1994197834","https://openalex.org/W2055799013","https://openalex.org/W2078145836","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2114933419","https://openalex.org/W2120474334","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2140533730","https://openalex.org/W2144085134","https://openalex.org/W2144156944","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2166447121","https://openalex.org/W2332655816","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2419501139","https://openalex.org/W2504179213","https://openalex.org/W2535032741","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2609968973","https://openalex.org/W2734994405","https://openalex.org/W2739824434","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2809642300","https://openalex.org/W2891373497","https://openalex.org/W2948974171","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2954348634","https://openalex.org/W2963800509","https://openalex.org/W3013652274","https://openalex.org/W3104411713","https://openalex.org/W4248368389","https://openalex.org/W4250682869","https://openalex.org/W4299987434","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6717434760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,32,44,64,114,117],"novel":[6],"data-driven":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,39,71,92,105,123,150],"detect":[10],"outage":[11,50,99,111,152],"events":[12,112],"in":[13,22,53,61,77,80,101,113,155],"partially":[14,54],"observable":[15,55],"distribution":[16,167],"systems":[17],"by":[18],"capturing":[19],"the":[20,41,74,102,107,110,127,143],"changes":[21],"smart":[23],"meters'":[24],"(SMs)":[25],"data":[26,60],"distribution.":[27],"To":[28],"achieve":[29],"this,":[30],"first,":[31],"breadth-first":[33],"search":[34],"(BFS)-based":[35],"mechanism":[36],"is":[37,69,90,121,148],"proposed":[38,122,159],"decompose":[40],"network":[42,67],"into":[43,125],"set":[45],"of":[46,109,129,137,145],"zones":[47],"that":[48],"maximize":[49],"location":[51,108,153],"information":[52,154],"systems.":[56],"Then,":[57],"using":[58,142],"SM":[59,172],"each":[62],"zone,":[63],"generative":[65],"adversarial":[66],"(GAN)":[68],"designed":[70],"implicitly":[72],"extract":[73],"temporal-spatial":[75],"behavior":[76],"normal":[78],"conditions":[79],"an":[81,86,98],"unsupervised":[82],"fashion.":[83],"After":[84],"training,":[85],"anomaly":[87],"scoring":[88],"technique":[89],"leveraged":[91,149],"determine":[93],"if":[94],"real-time":[95],"measurements":[96],"indicate":[97],"event":[100],"zone.":[103],"Finally,":[104],"infer":[106],"multi-zone":[115,156],"network,":[116],"zone":[118],"coordination":[119],"process":[120],"take":[124],"account":[126],"interdependencies":[128],"intersecting":[130],"zones.":[131],"We":[132],"have":[133],"provided":[134],"analytical":[135],"guarantees":[136],"performance":[138],"for":[139],"our":[140],"algorithm":[141],"concept":[144],"entropy,":[146],"which":[147],"quantify":[151],"grids.":[157],"The":[158],"method":[160],"has":[161],"been":[162],"tested":[163],"and":[164],"verified":[165],"on":[166],"feeder":[168],"models":[169],"with":[170],"real":[171],"data.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
