{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042809487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","title":"WECC Composite Load Model Parameter Identification Using Evolutionary Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"WECC Composite Load Model Parameter Identification Using Evolutionary Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042809487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","mag":"3042809487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1961202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048156704","display_name":"Fankun Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fankun Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-5163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009733266","display_name":"Zixiao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-1464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixiao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-1464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028000580","display_name":"Yuxuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-4905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659515","display_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-0562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-0562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94419733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"5407","last_page":"5417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6641970872879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5256375074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5203033089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4784974157810211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.42399781942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.41757065057754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4152044653892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36463218927383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35633423924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3519079089164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.33390313386917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2915390133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.09566053748130798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6641970872879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5256375074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5203033089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4784974157810211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.42399781942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.41757065057754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4152044653892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36463218927383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35633423924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3519079089164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.33390313386917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2915390133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.09566053748130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3008730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1961202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1961202","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1961202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1961202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1961202","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1961202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673563620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-OE0000875","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333916","display_name":"Office of Electricity","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042809487.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541786028","https://openalex.org/W1607032092","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1983989471","https://openalex.org/W1985823269","https://openalex.org/W1986128351","https://openalex.org/W2107876952","https://openalex.org/W2129324282","https://openalex.org/W2151965738","https://openalex.org/W2172258089","https://openalex.org/W2364433197","https://openalex.org/W2495418466","https://openalex.org/W2543274172","https://openalex.org/W2548366117","https://openalex.org/W2603752983","https://openalex.org/W2758548687","https://openalex.org/W2765195441","https://openalex.org/W2779977383","https://openalex.org/W2899250423","https://openalex.org/W2912912713","https://openalex.org/W2915453203","https://openalex.org/W2918547840","https://openalex.org/W2927141101","https://openalex.org/W2946163333","https://openalex.org/W2963790038","https://openalex.org/W2983727520","https://openalex.org/W2996846732","https://openalex.org/W2999179616","https://openalex.org/W3007384386","https://openalex.org/W3020785977","https://openalex.org/W3080714279","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3126122061","https://openalex.org/W4252680082","https://openalex.org/W6682262322","https://openalex.org/W6747092830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0,65],"to":[1,66,81,87,117,124,128,162,185],"the":[2,10,36,44,48,67,75,103,144,152,167,171,180,190],"increasing":[3],"penetration":[4],"of":[5,38,70,158],"distributed":[6,53],"energy":[7],"resources":[8],"(DERs),":[9],"load":[11,50],"composition":[12],"in":[13,95],"distribution":[14],"grids":[15],"has":[16,22,56],"significantly":[17],"changed.":[18],"This":[19],"inverter-based":[20,46],"device":[21],"notably":[23],"different":[24],"behavior":[25],"from":[26],"traditional":[27],"static":[28,39],"and":[29,43,72,156],"induction":[30,41],"motor":[31,42],"loads.":[32],"To":[33,91],"accurately":[34],"represent":[35],"combination":[37],"load,":[40],"emerging":[45],"devices,":[47],"composite":[49],"model":[51,73,77],"with":[52,109,146,182],"generation":[54],"(CMPLDWG)":[55],"been":[57],"developed":[58],"by":[59,102],"Western":[60],"Electricity":[61],"Coordinating":[62],"Council":[63],"(WECC).":[64],"large":[68],"number":[69],"parameters":[71],"complexity,":[74],"CMPLDWG":[76],"brings":[78],"new":[79],"challenges":[80],"parameter":[82,119,131,164,168,173],"identification,":[83],"which":[84,149],"is":[85,114,134,160,193],"critical":[86],"power":[88],"system":[89],"studies.":[90],"address":[92],"these":[93],"challenges,":[94],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"a":[98,137],"cutting-edge":[99],"approach":[100,192],"inspired":[101],"evolutionary":[104],"deep":[105],"reinforcement":[106],"learning":[107],"(EDRL)":[108],"an":[110],"intelligent":[111,147,183],"exploration":[112,184],"mechanism":[113],"innovatively":[115,177],"proposed":[116,191],"perform":[118,163],"identification":[120,169],"for":[121],"CMPLDWG.":[122],"First,":[123],"extract":[125],"parameters'":[126],"contributions":[127],"dynamic":[129],"power,":[130],"sensitivity":[132,174],"analysis":[133],"conducted":[135],"using":[136,195],"data-driven":[138],"feature-wise":[139],"kernelized":[140],"Lasso":[141],"(FWKL).":[142],"Then,":[143],"EDRL":[145,181],"exploration,":[148],"can":[150],"handle":[151],"natural":[153],"high":[154],"nonlinearity":[155],"nonconvexity":[157],"CMPLDWG,":[159],"employed":[161],"identification.":[165],"In":[166],"process,":[170],"extracted":[172],"weights":[175],"are":[176],"integrated":[178],"into":[179],"improve":[186],"discovery":[187],"efficiency.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"validated":[194],"numerical":[196],"experiments.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
