{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035834877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","title":"Gradient-Based Multi-Area Distribution System State Estimation","display_name":"Gradient-Based Multi-Area Distribution System State Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035834877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","mag":"3035834877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041276330","display_name":"Xinyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-2357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-2357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320729","display_name":"Zhiyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-4183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053575337","display_name":"Yi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015970180","display_name":"Changhong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-8591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020710242","display_name":"Jianqiao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-2489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398616","display_name":"Lijun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-4299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-4299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96033733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"5325","last_page":"5338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6033104658126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5453691482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.541566789150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5338265895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5211765170097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5162743926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.469624787569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauss","display_name":"Gauss","score":0.45925280451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43580350279808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41040754318237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3643171787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3156084716320038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2695559859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23883873224258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15094086527824402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6033104658126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5453691482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.541566789150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5338265895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5211765170097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5162743926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.469624787569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161794534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177493","display_name":"Gauss","level":2,"score":0.45925280451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43580350279808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41040754318237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3643171787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3156084716320038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2695559859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23883873224258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15094086527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3003897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1854363237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-EE-0007998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","funder_display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598852905","https://openalex.org/W1603765807","https://openalex.org/W1983933235","https://openalex.org/W1991988935","https://openalex.org/W1993275893","https://openalex.org/W1995884781","https://openalex.org/W2028659449","https://openalex.org/W2037500788","https://openalex.org/W2063130178","https://openalex.org/W2074628584","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2123059016","https://openalex.org/W2129338541","https://openalex.org/W2145761514","https://openalex.org/W2149686805","https://openalex.org/W2152713663","https://openalex.org/W2154910132","https://openalex.org/W2167838480","https://openalex.org/W2171845477","https://openalex.org/W2171978417","https://openalex.org/W2292872076","https://openalex.org/W2294416312","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2312656909","https://openalex.org/W2559962737","https://openalex.org/W2580338288","https://openalex.org/W2583497101","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2795524417","https://openalex.org/W2884785707","https://openalex.org/W2890369708","https://openalex.org/W2912753047","https://openalex.org/W2920303604","https://openalex.org/W2963750652","https://openalex.org/W2964146282","https://openalex.org/W2996221078","https://openalex.org/W3045869883","https://openalex.org/W3099930155","https://openalex.org/W3106285100","https://openalex.org/W3123456921","https://openalex.org/W4241079583","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358906198","https://openalex.org/W2069836761","https://openalex.org/W182453952","https://openalex.org/W2388074670","https://openalex.org/W2037356416","https://openalex.org/W2016474650","https://openalex.org/W2028521866","https://openalex.org/W4388059796","https://openalex.org/W2804984746","https://openalex.org/W2321641075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,142],"increasing":[1],"distributed":[2,86],"and":[3,7,24,33,55,64,76,87,114],"renewable":[4],"energy":[5],"resources":[6],"controllable":[8],"devices":[9],"in":[10,21,132],"distribution":[11,15,31,47,133],"systems":[12,134],"make":[13],"fast":[14,112],"system":[16,22,32,48,150],"state":[17,92],"estimation":[18,93,116],"(DSSE)":[19],"crucial":[20],"monitoring":[23],"control.":[25],"We":[26,43],"consider":[27],"a":[28,37,70,102,136],"large":[29,46],"multi-phase":[30],"formulate":[34],"DSSE":[35],"as":[36],"weighted":[38],"least":[39],"squares":[40],"(WLS)":[41],"problem.":[42,81],"divide":[44],"the":[45,59,65,79,91,108,125,146],"into":[49],"smaller":[50],"areas":[51],"of":[52,90,139,145],"subtree":[53],"structure,":[54],"by":[56],"jointly":[57],"exploring":[58],"linearized":[60],"power":[61],"flow":[62],"model":[63],"network":[66],"topology,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"gradient-based":[71],"multi-area":[72],"algorithm":[73,84,110,147],"to":[74],"exactly":[75],"efficiently":[77],"solve":[78],"WLS":[80],"proposed":[83,126],"enables":[85],"parallel":[88],"computation":[89],"problem":[94],"without":[95],"compromising":[96],"any":[97],"performance.":[98],"Numerical":[99],"results":[100],"on":[101],"4,521-node":[103],"test":[104],"feeder":[105],"show":[106],"that":[107,124],"designed":[109],"features":[111],"convergence":[113],"accurate":[115],"results.":[117],"Comparison":[118],"with":[119,135,152],"traditional":[120],"Gauss-Newton":[121],"method":[122,127],"shows":[123],"has":[128],"much":[129],"better":[130],"performance":[131],"limited":[137],"amount":[138],"reliable":[140],"measurement.":[141],"real-time":[143],"implementation":[144],"tracks":[148],"time-varying":[149],"states":[151],"high":[153],"accuracy.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
