{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024299369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","title":"Distributed Risk-Limiting Load Restoration in Unbalanced Distribution Systems With Networked Microgrids","display_name":"Distributed Risk-Limiting Load Restoration in Unbalanced Distribution Systems With Networked Microgrids","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024299369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","mag":"3024299369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/cb15b995-aea7-400a-8b53-498e01c96363","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081335747","display_name":"Feifan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feifan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Electric Power and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Electric Power and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010334964","display_name":"Qiuwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Electric Power and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Electric Power and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013940516","display_name":"Jin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-1288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323700","display_name":"Wei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-3660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017845115","display_name":"Nikos Hatziargyriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-191X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos D. Hatziargyriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415332","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081335747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94343457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"4574","last_page":"4586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cvar","display_name":"CVAR","score":0.9191452264785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.8121906518936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5652073621749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5372277498245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.44959867000579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.44678205251693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4412064850330353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.43766435980796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43051254749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.41847875714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.41798681020736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.3947606682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3841707110404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3436010777950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-shortfall","display_name":"Expected shortfall","score":0.24796199798583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.15297913551330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07831928133964539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014755","display_name":"CVAR","level":4,"score":0.9191452264785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.8121906518936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5652073621749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5372277498245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.44959867000579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.44678205251693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4412064850330353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.43766435980796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43051254749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41847875714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.41798681020736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.3947606682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3841707110404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3436010777950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5496284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420856","display_name":"Expected shortfall","level":3,"score":0.24796199798583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15297913551330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07831928133964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2995099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/cb15b995-aea7-400a-8b53-498e01c96363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/cb15b995-aea7-400a-8b53-498e01c96363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shen , F , Wu , Q , Zhao , J , Wei , W , Hatziargyriou , N D &amp; Liu , F 2020 , ' Distributed Risk-Limiting Load Restoration in Unbalanced Distribution Systems with Networked Microgrids ' , IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 11 , no. 6 , pp. 4574 - 4586 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2020.2995099","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/cb15b995-aea7-400a-8b53-498e01c96363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/cb15b995-aea7-400a-8b53-498e01c96363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shen , F , Wu , Q , Zhao , J , Wei , W , Hatziargyriou , N D &amp; Liu , F 2020 , ' Distributed Risk-Limiting Load Restoration in Unbalanced Distribution Systems with Networked Microgrids ' , IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 11 , no. 6 , pp. 4574 - 4586 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2020.2995099","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647779468","https://openalex.org/W1969323923","https://openalex.org/W1984191593","https://openalex.org/W1993874324","https://openalex.org/W2092517480","https://openalex.org/W2102373925","https://openalex.org/W2107141928","https://openalex.org/W2125087895","https://openalex.org/W2135574734","https://openalex.org/W2138546772","https://openalex.org/W2158238776","https://openalex.org/W2158365507","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2184047134","https://openalex.org/W2214527805","https://openalex.org/W2277817011","https://openalex.org/W2290410061","https://openalex.org/W2318920527","https://openalex.org/W2320346668","https://openalex.org/W2336623901","https://openalex.org/W2410513332","https://openalex.org/W2462278955","https://openalex.org/W2479566716","https://openalex.org/W2526991249","https://openalex.org/W2567598259","https://openalex.org/W2576371391","https://openalex.org/W2605938778","https://openalex.org/W2612294590","https://openalex.org/W2612437879","https://openalex.org/W2726498110","https://openalex.org/W2726870049","https://openalex.org/W2899528136","https://openalex.org/W2899889651","https://openalex.org/W2900859370","https://openalex.org/W2909909860","https://openalex.org/W2913932240","https://openalex.org/W2923870904","https://openalex.org/W2962703853","https://openalex.org/W2974561576","https://openalex.org/W4246449915","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W6731782054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541651390","https://openalex.org/W2362501786","https://openalex.org/W2056229749","https://openalex.org/W2369265009","https://openalex.org/W2012697561","https://openalex.org/W4391424147","https://openalex.org/W1970209698","https://openalex.org/W3122289112","https://openalex.org/W1563793854","https://openalex.org/W2042225379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"enhance":[1],"the":[2,51,54,59,79,91,93,123,127,150,171,177,189],"resilience":[3],"of":[4,23,85,90,126],"distribution":[5],"systems":[6],"(DSs),":[7],"networked":[8,48,138],"microgrids":[9],"(MGs)":[10],"can":[11,114,153,163,175],"be":[12],"employed":[13],"to":[14,32,142],"restore":[15,154],"critical":[16],"loads":[17,29,155],"after":[18],"a":[19,38,66,102,158],"blackout.":[20],"However,":[21],"uncertainties":[22],"renewable":[24,74],"energy":[25],"sources":[26],"(RESs)":[27],"and":[28,75,88,99,162,166,180],"bring":[30],"challenges":[31],"load":[33,41,68,76,116],"restoration.":[34],"This":[35,105],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"distributed":[39,103,107,165,173],"risk-limiting":[40,67,95,124],"restoration":[42,69,117],"strategy":[43,152,174],"for":[44],"unbalanced":[45],"DS":[46],"with":[47,137,157,188],"MGs.":[49,111],"In":[50],"proposed":[52,94,151,172],"strategy,":[53],"risk":[55,108,160,168],"is":[56,71,97,181],"represented":[57],"by":[58],"conditional":[60],"value-at-risk":[61],"(CVaR),":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64],"which":[65],"model":[70,96],"formulated":[72],"considering":[73],"uncertainties.":[77],"With":[78],"projection":[80],"function-based":[81],"alternating":[82],"direction":[83],"method":[84],"multipliers":[86],"(P-ADMM)":[87],"sub-additivity":[89],"CVaR,":[92],"decoupled":[98],"solved":[100],"in":[101],"manner.":[104],"enables":[106],"limiting":[109],"among":[110],"Each":[112],"MG":[113],"make":[115],"decisions":[118],"individually,":[119],"while":[120],"ensuring":[121],"that":[122,149],"constraints":[125],"overall":[128],"system":[129,136],"are":[130],"satisfied.":[131],"The":[132],"modified":[133],"IEEE":[134],"123-node":[135],"MGs":[139],"was":[140],"used":[141],"conduct":[143],"case":[144],"studies.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"efficiently":[156],"smaller":[159],"index":[161],"provide":[164],"flexible":[167],"management.":[169],"Moreover,":[170],"reduce":[176],"computation":[178],"burden":[179],"more":[182],"robust":[183],"against":[184],"controller":[185],"failures":[186],"compared":[187],"centralized":[190],"strategy.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
