{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022093343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","title":"Deployment of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Existing Competitors","display_name":"Deployment of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Existing Competitors","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022093343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","mag":"3022093343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072247112","display_name":"Yiqi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-0971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016902833","display_name":"Ye Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-5289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027998764","display_name":"Qinglai Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglai Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055229726","display_name":"Hongcai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongcai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762412","display_name":"Hongbin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-9818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072247112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95970172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"4236","last_page":"4248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.7384383082389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6408604383468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.608608603477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.5927897691726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5572693943977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5187147259712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49471279978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.4899498522281647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.48251649737358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.44889241456985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.43227213621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.430941641330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29260164499282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2470463514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1091746985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10169270634651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08886769413948059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.7384383082389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6408604383468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.608608603477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.5927897691726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5572693943977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5187147259712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49471279978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4899498522281647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.48251649737358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.44889241456985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.43227213621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.430941641330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29260164499282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2470463514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1091746985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10169270634651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08886769413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2991232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2108720893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4572236526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JQ18008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1683314109","https://openalex.org/W1848394459","https://openalex.org/W2003871514","https://openalex.org/W2025398233","https://openalex.org/W2046612982","https://openalex.org/W2067855972","https://openalex.org/W2081677832","https://openalex.org/W2287746685","https://openalex.org/W2315225792","https://openalex.org/W2315556335","https://openalex.org/W2336139072","https://openalex.org/W2342761063","https://openalex.org/W2343215087","https://openalex.org/W2412864723","https://openalex.org/W2513289972","https://openalex.org/W2523807914","https://openalex.org/W2528101458","https://openalex.org/W2568633907","https://openalex.org/W2582132117","https://openalex.org/W2584521611","https://openalex.org/W2601314166","https://openalex.org/W2618003161","https://openalex.org/W2744351729","https://openalex.org/W2754049971","https://openalex.org/W2763126965","https://openalex.org/W2765791107","https://openalex.org/W2768952788","https://openalex.org/W2804944297","https://openalex.org/W2808276562","https://openalex.org/W2809172093","https://openalex.org/W2883836429","https://openalex.org/W2888639626","https://openalex.org/W2902723719","https://openalex.org/W2908888431","https://openalex.org/W2913657240","https://openalex.org/W2920159594","https://openalex.org/W2943852864","https://openalex.org/W2948806969","https://openalex.org/W2963558364","https://openalex.org/W3013398906","https://openalex.org/W3018579603","https://openalex.org/W3036142127","https://openalex.org/W3096148550","https://openalex.org/W6779324065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981497404","https://openalex.org/W2362149433","https://openalex.org/W4378211444","https://openalex.org/W3203839526","https://openalex.org/W2156399915","https://openalex.org/W4310614479","https://openalex.org/W2084958424","https://openalex.org/W4226096579","https://openalex.org/W1974258700","https://openalex.org/W1648573845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1],"of":[2,5,57,76,97,124,130,142],"optimal":[3,72],"planning":[4,148],"plug-in":[6],"electric":[7],"vehicle":[8],"(PEV)":[9],"charging":[10,79,85,150],"stations":[11],"is":[12,49,65,104,115],"studied.":[13],"Different":[14],"from":[15],"many":[16],"other":[17],"works,":[18],"we":[19],"assume":[20],"the":[21,31,53,71,77,83,88,94,98,100,118,128,131,140,144,149],"station":[22],"investor":[23],"to":[24,35,51,67,106],"be":[25],"a":[26,41,61,107],"new":[27,78],"private":[28],"entrant":[29],"into":[30],"market":[32],"who":[33],"intends":[34],"maximize":[36],"its":[37],"own":[38],"profit":[39],"in":[40,87],"competitive":[42,145],"environment.":[43],"A":[44],"modified":[45],"Huff":[46],"gravity-based":[47],"model":[48,64],"adopted":[50],"describe":[52],"probabilistic":[54],"patronizing":[55],"behaviors":[56],"PEV":[58],"drivers.":[59],"Accordingly,":[60],"bi-level":[62,120],"optimization":[63],"formulated":[66],"decide":[68],"not":[69],"only":[70],"site":[73],"and":[74,110,134],"size":[75],"station,":[80],"but":[81],"also":[82],"retail":[84],"prices":[86],"future":[89],"operation":[90,101],"stage.":[91],"Based":[92],"on":[93],"specific":[95],"characteristics":[96],"problem,":[99],"level":[102],"sub-problem":[103],"reformulated":[105],"convex":[108],"programming":[109],"an":[111],"efficient":[112],"solution":[113],"algorithm":[114],"designed":[116],"for":[117],"overall":[119],"optimization.":[121],"Numerical":[122],"examples":[123],"different":[125],"scales":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"proposed":[132],"modeling":[133],"computation":[135],"methods,":[136],"as":[137,139],"well":[138],"importance":[141],"considering":[143],"effects":[146],"when":[147],"station.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}