{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013642240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","title":"Reliability Modeling and Assessment of Cyber Space in Cyber-Physical Power Systems","display_name":"Reliability Modeling and Assessment of Cyber Space in Cyber-Physical Power Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013642240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","mag":"3013642240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091829012","display_name":"Ruiwen He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-6513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103896609","display_name":"Haijun Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101194168","display_name":"Jianhua Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foshan Electric Power Company Ltd., of China, Southern Power Grid, Foshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foshan Electric Power Company Ltd., of China, Southern Power Grid, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086655265","display_name":"Teng Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-8138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Control Design Research Center, State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Control Design Research Center, State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029853791","display_name":"Loi Lei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loi Lei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95945258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"3763","last_page":"3773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7669697999954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7426670789718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6695556044578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.629896879196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6133207082748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.5683879852294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5514373779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5274004340171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4694399833679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.4610949754714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44412633776664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4221063256263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.41837549209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.344573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2835928499698639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7669697999954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7426670789718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6695556044578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.629896879196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6133207082748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.5683879852294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5514373779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5274004340171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4694399833679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.4610949754714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44412633776664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4221063256263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.41837549209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.344573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2835928499698639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2982566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1171226771","https://openalex.org/W1971442025","https://openalex.org/W1975082752","https://openalex.org/W1981619817","https://openalex.org/W2018175133","https://openalex.org/W2020798599","https://openalex.org/W2083592025","https://openalex.org/W2090181170","https://openalex.org/W2114159238","https://openalex.org/W2133773217","https://openalex.org/W2151250495","https://openalex.org/W2159162852","https://openalex.org/W2161736283","https://openalex.org/W2167947550","https://openalex.org/W2175940139","https://openalex.org/W2324611182","https://openalex.org/W2619657761","https://openalex.org/W2734611358","https://openalex.org/W2759830984","https://openalex.org/W2822569858","https://openalex.org/W2883789552","https://openalex.org/W2892464453","https://openalex.org/W2924906422","https://openalex.org/W2972739906","https://openalex.org/W3004117266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994120531","https://openalex.org/W2108326965","https://openalex.org/W3017360834","https://openalex.org/W2756692340","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4229048927","https://openalex.org/W3149651311","https://openalex.org/W190251865","https://openalex.org/W2152192540","https://openalex.org/W3099113830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,45,92,109,132],"information":[1,43,67,84,102,144],"technology":[2],"in":[3,12,69,89,105,146,151],"a":[4,9,75,106],"cyber-physical":[5],"power":[6,25,35,83,90,130,143],"system":[7,26,85,145,150],"plays":[8],"significant":[10],"role":[11],"quickly":[13],"regulating":[14],"the":[15,22,40,54,63,82,114,119,138,142,147,153,156],"energy":[16,31],"flow":[17,68,103],"that":[18,127],"can":[19],"cope":[20],"with":[21,118],"complexity":[23],"of":[24,34,42,48,58,66,141,155],"operation":[27],"and":[28,78,101],"control.":[29],"processing":[32],"capability":[33],"systems":[36],"depends":[37],"heavily":[38],"on":[39],"reliability":[41,46,76,111,139],"systems.":[44],"model":[47,96,122],"cyber":[49,87],"space":[50,88],"includes":[51],"not":[52],"only":[53],"binary-state":[55],"operation-failure":[56],"representation":[57,65],"physical":[59,99],"devices,":[60],"but":[61],"also":[62],"multi-state":[64],"corresponding":[70],"networks.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"modeling":[77],"assessment":[79],"method":[80],"for":[81],"(i.e.,":[86],"system).":[91],"proposed":[93,110,133,157],"composite":[94],"Markov":[95],"would":[97,128],"couple":[98],"characteristics":[100],"performances":[104,154],"two-layer":[107],"model.":[108],"methods":[112],"combine":[113],"sequential":[115],"Monte-Carlo":[116],"simulation":[117],"linear":[120],"programming":[121],"to":[123,137],"acquire":[124],"maximum":[125],"flows":[126],"supply":[129],"demands.":[131],"methodology":[134],"is":[135],"applied":[136],"analyses":[140],"IEEE":[148],"14-bus":[149],"which":[152],"indices":[158],"are":[159],"evaluated.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}