{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006999712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","title":"Accurate Consensus-Based Distributed Averaging With Variable Time Delay in Support of Distributed Secondary Control Algorithms","display_name":"Accurate Consensus-Based Distributed Averaging With Variable Time Delay in Support of Distributed Secondary Control Algorithms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006999712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","mag":"3006999712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029125462","display_name":"Yuhua Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-560X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-560X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018205273","display_name":"Hao Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085786289","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-1885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-1885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063233905","display_name":"Srdjan Lukic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srdjan Lukic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-7521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7912,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95191484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"2918","last_page":"2928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8275547623634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6673060655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.623598039150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5614186525344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.546381950378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5234484076499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49982404708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.481550008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4304131865501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3618275225162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.22390344738960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21597197651863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08908548951148987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8275547623634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6673060655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.623598039150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5614186525344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.546381950378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5234484076499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49982404708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.481550008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4304131865501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3618275225162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.22390344738960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21597197651863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08908548951148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2975752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1616379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1616379","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1616379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1616379","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7447050079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AR0000666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006999712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006999712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1532156674","https://openalex.org/W1533970237","https://openalex.org/W1630241696","https://openalex.org/W1665876831","https://openalex.org/W1864806140","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2024559217","https://openalex.org/W2030544306","https://openalex.org/W2053706974","https://openalex.org/W2074796812","https://openalex.org/W2094244342","https://openalex.org/W2118789923","https://openalex.org/W2127086830","https://openalex.org/W2131882595","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2167260329","https://openalex.org/W2169593613","https://openalex.org/W2310259494","https://openalex.org/W2336141656","https://openalex.org/W2486273278","https://openalex.org/W2522397325","https://openalex.org/W2528498401","https://openalex.org/W2536374711","https://openalex.org/W2766912045","https://openalex.org/W2769566482","https://openalex.org/W2789711809","https://openalex.org/W2793339828","https://openalex.org/W2888790072","https://openalex.org/W2890128148","https://openalex.org/W2899553555","https://openalex.org/W2918750212","https://openalex.org/W2969859792","https://openalex.org/W2988323482","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4285042611","https://openalex.org/W2537685543","https://openalex.org/W4308216136","https://openalex.org/W1561685359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"secondary":[1],"control":[2,9],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,85,108,158],"hierarchical":[8],"structures,":[10],"where":[11],"multiple":[12],"distributed":[13,80,95,124,145],"generators":[14],"(DGs)":[15],"need":[16],"to":[17,19,88],"coordinate":[18],"regulate":[20],"system":[21],"voltage":[22],"and":[23,57,153],"frequency.":[24],"In":[25,59,70,117],"these":[26],"systems,":[27],"consensus":[28,50,68],"algorithms":[29,51,83],"determine":[30],"the":[31,67,75,79,86,90,93,109,139],"average":[32,81,106,146],"of":[33,36,45,78,111,122],"a":[34,43,129,159],"group":[35,44],"dynamic":[37],"states":[38],"(e.g.,":[39],"voltages":[40],"measured":[41],"by":[42,128],"DGs).":[46],"To":[47],"be":[48,53],"useful,":[49],"must":[52],"computationally":[54],"efficient,":[55],"stable":[56],"accurate.":[58],"practice,":[60],"numerous":[61],"practical":[62],"implementation":[63],"challenges":[64],"significantly":[65],"affect":[66],"equilibrium.":[69],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73],"quantify":[74],"accuracy":[76],"deviations":[77],"observer":[82,147],"proposed":[84,102,144],"literature":[87],"demonstrate":[89],"problems":[91],"with":[92],"state-of-the-art":[94],"averaging":[96],"techniques.":[97],"A":[98],"novel":[99,130],"approach":[100],"is":[101,126,148,156],"that":[103],"achieves":[104],"accurate":[105],"tracking":[107],"presence":[110],"time-varying":[112],"communication":[113],"delays":[114],"among":[115],"agents.":[116],"our":[118],"implementation,":[119],"time":[120],"synchronization":[121],"all":[123],"controllers":[125,152],"enabled":[127],"software":[131],"platform,":[132],"called":[133],"Resilient":[134],"Information":[135],"Architecture":[136],"Platform":[137],"for":[138],"Smart":[140],"Grid":[141],"(RIAPS).":[142],"The":[143],"implemented":[149],"on":[150],"hardware":[151],"its":[154],"effectiveness":[155],"validated":[157],"controller":[160],"hardware-in-the-loop":[161],"testbed.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
