{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2933618352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","title":"Performance and Resilience of Cyber-Physical Control Systems With Reactive Attack Mitigation","display_name":"Performance and Resilience of Cyber-Physical Control Systems With Reactive Attack Mitigation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2933618352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","mag":"2933618352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073467476","display_name":"Subhash Lakshminarayana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subhash Lakshminarayana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008423210","display_name":"Jabir Shabbir Karachiwala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165642","display_name":"Oracle (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dd0pt55","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587","https://openalex.org/I4210165642"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jabir Shabbir Karachiwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001033380","display_name":"Teo Zhan Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8709-801X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teo Zhan Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["GovTech Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GovTech Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040651615","display_name":"Rui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063936654","display_name":"David K. Y. Yau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David K. Y. Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073467476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76072249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"6640","last_page":"6654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.7163183689117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.5961865782737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5313743948936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5128610134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4752861261367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4132618308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36514800786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.31069499254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27761775255203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17790108919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1607811152935028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10863134264945984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7163183689117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.5961865782737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5313743948936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5128610134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4752861261367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4132618308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36514800786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31069499254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27761775255203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17790108919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1607811152935028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10863134264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2909357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G698933754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2014NCR-NCR001-31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171875101","https://openalex.org/W1483197604","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1981955701","https://openalex.org/W1986093326","https://openalex.org/W1992488456","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2027270344","https://openalex.org/W2030140501","https://openalex.org/W2039148409","https://openalex.org/W2056451850","https://openalex.org/W2062132646","https://openalex.org/W2069038223","https://openalex.org/W2077814042","https://openalex.org/W2108906138","https://openalex.org/W2115472369","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2122559297","https://openalex.org/W2140900554","https://openalex.org/W2146290970","https://openalex.org/W2149365358","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2164681195","https://openalex.org/W2168632158","https://openalex.org/W2221032419","https://openalex.org/W2253003950","https://openalex.org/W2322427245","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2343541124","https://openalex.org/W2406810199","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2545258053","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2761338899","https://openalex.org/W2963405846","https://openalex.org/W2963459078","https://openalex.org/W2963573945","https://openalex.org/W2964066500","https://openalex.org/W3101875661","https://openalex.org/W4210902297","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4230914813","https://openalex.org/W4237248368","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6658382951","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6718803878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4319436466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,22,29,43,48,57,60,66,83,89,93,115,127,135,142,153,158,169,177,181,191,227],"performance":[4],"and":[5,17,100,138,148,163,187,219,233],"resilience":[6],"of":[7,24,31,36,47,59,65,97,145,160,184,193],"a":[8,72,132],"linear":[9,218],"cyber-physical":[10],"control":[11,95],"system":[12,96,170,178],"(CPCS)":[13],"with":[14,217],"attack":[15,19,61,68,128,136,146,185,195],"detection":[16,147,186,196],"reactive":[18],"mitigation":[20,188],"in":[21,165,180,230],"context":[23],"power":[25,49,98],"grids.":[26],"It":[27],"addresses":[28],"problem":[30,229],"deriving":[32],"an":[33,122],"optimal":[34,67],"sequence":[35,129],"false":[37,161],"data":[38],"injection":[39],"attacks":[40,167],"that":[41,109],"maximizes":[42],"state":[44,117],"estimation":[45,118],"error":[46],"system.":[50],"The":[51,63,106,172],"results":[52,107,173],"provide":[53],"basic":[54],"understanding":[55],"about":[56],"limit":[58],"impact.":[62],"design":[64,183],"is":[69,79],"based":[70,151],"on":[71,152,168],"Markov":[73],"decision":[74],"process":[75],"(MDP)":[76],"formulation,":[77],"which":[78],"solved":[80],"efficiently":[81],"using":[82,104],"value":[84],"iteration":[85],"method.":[86],"We":[87],"apply":[88,209],"proposed":[90,154],"framework":[91,111],"to":[92,130,141,189,225],"voltage":[94],"grids":[99],"run":[101],"extensive":[102],"simulations":[103],"PowerWorld.":[105],"show":[108],"our":[110],"can":[112],"accurately":[113],"characterize":[114],"maximum":[116],"errors":[119],"caused":[120],"by":[121],"attacker":[123],"who":[124],"carefully":[125],"designs":[126],"strike":[131],"balance":[133],"between":[134],"magnitude":[137],"stealthiness,":[139],"due":[140],"simultaneous":[143],"presence":[144],"mitigation.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"framework,":[155],"we":[156,208],"analyze":[157],"impact":[159,192],"positives":[162],"negatives":[164],"detecting":[166],"performance.":[171],"are":[174,202],"important":[175],"for":[176,205],"defenders":[179],"joint":[182],"reduce":[190],"these":[194,231],"errors.":[197],"Finally,":[198],"as":[199],"MDP":[200],"solutions":[201],"not":[203],"scalable":[204],"high-dimensional":[206],"systems,":[207],"<inline-formula":[210],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[212],"<tex-math":[213],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${Q}$":[214],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[215],"-learning":[216],"non-linear":[220],"(neural":[221],"networks-based)":[222],"function":[223],"approximators":[224],"solve":[226],"attacker\u2019s":[228],"systems":[232],"compare":[234],"their":[235],"performances.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}