{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920159594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","title":"Expanding EV Charging Networks Considering Transportation Pattern and Power Supply Limit","display_name":"Expanding EV Charging Networks Considering Transportation Pattern and Power Supply Limit","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920159594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","mag":"2920159594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816585","display_name":"Yongmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4484-3483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033929481","display_name":"Jiayi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061150224","display_name":"Lin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-4865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043097022","display_name":"Jianping Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-6847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101816585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9415231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"6332","last_page":"6342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.6418354511260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.594832181930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.5873473286628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit-maximization","display_name":"Profit maximization","score":0.5762213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5666778683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5552117228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.54425048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5440851449966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.4740864038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42484956979751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.41615188121795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2743937373161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2668469548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13402366638183594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.6418354511260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.594832181930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5873473286628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777780509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377422","display_name":"Profit maximization","level":3,"score":0.5762213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5666778683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5552117228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.54425048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5440851449966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4740864038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42484956979751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.41615188121795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2743937373161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2668469548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13402366638183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2902370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4708066375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61828301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G512945921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61629302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7673136096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314000","display_name":"Compute Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ty8yr27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319952","display_name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/000az4664"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577151555","https://openalex.org/W1979869601","https://openalex.org/W1998000647","https://openalex.org/W2009566243","https://openalex.org/W2028808891","https://openalex.org/W2038618872","https://openalex.org/W2057127278","https://openalex.org/W2066889585","https://openalex.org/W2081677832","https://openalex.org/W2096829538","https://openalex.org/W2122741803","https://openalex.org/W2137620611","https://openalex.org/W2141503184","https://openalex.org/W2162593703","https://openalex.org/W2167816765","https://openalex.org/W2219532137","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2324438397","https://openalex.org/W2343215087","https://openalex.org/W2505326381","https://openalex.org/W2528101458","https://openalex.org/W2567972652","https://openalex.org/W2568633907","https://openalex.org/W2614130787","https://openalex.org/W2742812303","https://openalex.org/W2794013895","https://openalex.org/W2900230206","https://openalex.org/W3102492685","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751558758","https://openalex.org/W2385288202","https://openalex.org/W2798679696","https://openalex.org/W2365061533","https://openalex.org/W2387046015","https://openalex.org/W4239446003","https://openalex.org/W87859928","https://openalex.org/W2349974711","https://openalex.org/W2467574439","https://openalex.org/W2117952036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,82],"large-scale":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,28,34,67,125],"electric":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(EVs),":[6],"a":[7,31,113,174],"charging":[8,16,53,61,97,195],"network":[9,54],"is":[10,112,159,192],"needed":[11],"near":[12],"the":[13,24,37,51,60,65,94,102,123,136,148,169,178,183,188],"road.":[14],"The":[15],"station":[17,62,71],"planning":[18],"and":[19,36,40,43,64,128,132,146,182],"deployment":[20],"problem":[21,103,149],"should":[22],"consider":[23],"increasing":[25,78],"penetration":[26,80],"ratio":[27],"EVs":[29],"over":[30],"long":[32],"period":[33],"time,":[35],"highly":[38],"dynamic":[39,52,95],"location-dependent":[41],"demands":[42],"power":[44],"grid":[45],"constraints.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"focuses":[49],"on":[50,135],"design,":[55],"i.e.,":[56],"how":[57],"to":[58,92,144,150,186],"optimize":[59],"locations":[63,127],"number":[66],"chargers":[68],"in":[69],"each":[70,83,105],"at":[72,104],"different":[73],"time":[74,106],"stages":[75],"with":[76],"an":[77],"EV":[79,96],"ratio.":[81],"candidate":[84,126],"location,":[85],"we":[86,100,121,140],"first":[87],"model":[88],"its":[89],"coverage":[90],"area":[91],"estimate":[93],"requirements.":[98],"Then,":[99],"formulate":[101],"stage":[107],"as":[108],"profit":[109],"maximization,":[110],"which":[111,191],"mixed-integer":[114],"optimization":[115],"problem.":[116],"To":[117],"make":[118,173],"it":[119],"tractable,":[120],"investigate":[122],"profitability":[124],"derive":[129],"their":[130],"upper":[131],"lower":[133],"bounds":[134],"expected":[137],"profit.":[138],"Then":[139],"take":[141],"two":[142],"steps":[143],"transform":[145],"relax":[147],"convex":[151],"optimization.":[152],"A":[153],"fastconverging":[154],"search":[155],"algorithm,":[156],"named":[157],"RMCL-E,":[158],"proposed.":[160],"Using":[161],"real":[162],"vehicle":[163],"traces,":[164],"simulation":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"that":[168],"proposed":[170],"algorithm":[171],"can":[172],"good":[175],"trade-off":[176],"between":[177],"service":[179,196],"blocking":[180],"probability":[181],"construction":[184],"cost":[185],"maximize":[187],"total":[189],"profit,":[190],"attractive":[193],"for":[194],"providers.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
