{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908784935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","title":"Synchrophasor-Based Emergency Generation Control for Area Balancing","display_name":"Synchrophasor-Based Emergency Generation Control for Area Balancing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908784935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","mag":"2908784935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078557583","display_name":"Eugene Litvinov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-527X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Litvinov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037736260","display_name":"Song Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-185X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-185X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056336616","display_name":"Xiaochuan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-9902"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochuan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-955X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083261868","display_name":"Tongxin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-2929"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongxin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Architecture and Technology, ISO New England, Inc., Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078557583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7739518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"5831","last_page":"5840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.9232183694839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-dispatch","display_name":"Economic dispatch","score":0.7480026483535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.6829959154129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.5346018671989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5043376684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.49854302406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.468011736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.46068695187568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.45360007882118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4278140664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.41406843066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.413012832403183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-control","display_name":"Automatic control","score":0.4100072383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39340412616729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.37895703315734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3616868257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.18534007668495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1739085614681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09786516427993774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.9232183694839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.7480026483535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.6829959154129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.5346018671989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5043376684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.49854302406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.468011736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.46068695187568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45360007882118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4278140664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.41406843066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.413012832403183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167123822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automatic control","level":2,"score":0.4100072383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39340412616729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.37895703315734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3616868257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.18534007668495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1739085614681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09786516427993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W2002800452","https://openalex.org/W2086088070","https://openalex.org/W2098553889","https://openalex.org/W2103762106","https://openalex.org/W2140168046","https://openalex.org/W2146588145","https://openalex.org/W2543513124","https://openalex.org/W2563001675","https://openalex.org/W2564019957","https://openalex.org/W2787257957","https://openalex.org/W2810867055","https://openalex.org/W2905650894","https://openalex.org/W2906344004","https://openalex.org/W6671913335","https://openalex.org/W6753030173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200208654","https://openalex.org/W1544369725","https://openalex.org/W2052762615","https://openalex.org/W2074171130","https://openalex.org/W3096287386","https://openalex.org/W2375924358","https://openalex.org/W2045995201","https://openalex.org/W2985266312","https://openalex.org/W2051725040","https://openalex.org/W2379244360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17],"North":[1],"America,":[2],"balancing":[3,81],"authority":[4],"(BA)":[5],"maintains":[6],"the":[7,46,73,95,100,105,112,118,150,176,184,192],"demand-supply":[8],"balance":[9,94,183],"and":[10,28,38,49,71],"frequency":[11],"stability":[12],"within":[13],"its":[14],"responsible":[15],"area.":[16],"case":[18],"of":[19,25,55,75,107,114,154],"an":[20,87],"emergency,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,52],"loss":[24],"supervisory":[26],"control":[27,34,50,82,89,121,137],"data":[29],"acquisition":[30],"(SCADA),":[31],"automatic":[32,47],"generation":[33],"(AGC),":[35],"state":[36],"estimation":[37],"energy":[39],"management":[40],"system":[41,43,96,185],"(EMS),":[42],"operators":[44],"lose":[45],"monitoring":[48],"capability,":[51],"a":[53,124,145,160,187],"result":[54],"which":[56],"they":[57],"have":[58],"to":[59,63,77,91,134,164,181,190],"manually":[60],"dispatch":[61,116,143,152],"units":[62,155],"maintain":[64],"area":[65,136],"balancing.":[66],"This":[67],"could":[68],"be":[69,129],"inefficient":[70],"at":[72,186],"risk":[74],"failure":[76],"comply":[78],"with":[79,156],"NERC's":[80],"performance":[83],"standards.":[84],"We":[85],"propose":[86],"emergency":[88,120,196],"strategy":[90],"help":[92],"BA":[93],"cost-effectively":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99,111,144],"independent":[101],"synchrophasor":[102],"infrastructure":[103],"in":[104,169],"event":[106],"SCADA/EMS":[108],"failure.":[109],"Depending":[110],"availability":[113],"electronic":[115],"network,":[117],"proposed":[119,177],"decides":[122],"if":[123],"synchrophasor-based":[125],"AGC-like":[126],"function":[127],"should":[128],"performed":[130],"every":[131],"4":[132],"s":[133],"regulate":[135],"error.":[138],"It":[139],"also":[140],"executes":[141],"economic":[142],"5-min":[146],"basis":[147],"by":[148],"solving":[149],"desired":[151],"point":[153],"PMU":[157],"installed":[158],"through":[159],"linear":[161],"programming":[162],"problem":[163],"meet":[165],"forecasted":[166],"load":[167],"change":[168],"5":[170],"min.":[171],"Closed-loop":[172],"simulations":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"scheme":[178],"is":[179],"able":[180],"successfully":[182],"lower":[188],"cost":[189],"fulfill":[191],"BA's":[193],"obligations":[194],"under":[195],"operation":[197],"conditions.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}