{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909158420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","title":"Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Synchrophasor Data Against Spoofing Attacks in Smart Grids","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Synchrophasor Data Against Spoofing Attacks in Smart Grids","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909158420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","mag":"2909158420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1564165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030887743","display_name":"Yi Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107093387","display_name":"Feifei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-2027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920116","display_name":"Yilu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-9062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057054135","display_name":"Peter L. Fuhr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter L. Fuhr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036778525","display_name":"Marissa E. Morales-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marissa E. Morales-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030887743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.38,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94654119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"5807","last_page":"5818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8818662166595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.8186205625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7065545916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6783286333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6149704456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5349482297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39778125286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3582506775856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31212836503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27516797184944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09280145168304443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8818662166595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.8186205625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7065545916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6783286333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6149704456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5349482297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39778125286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3582506775856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31212836503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27516797184944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09280145168304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2891852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.usq.edu.au:51504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.usq.edu.au/51504/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400692","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article (Commonwealth Reporting Category C)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:2b607a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1564165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1564165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/413498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1564165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1564165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G699042733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-EEC-1041877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1418327618","https://openalex.org/W1527701214","https://openalex.org/W1976347161","https://openalex.org/W1977228380","https://openalex.org/W2002254092","https://openalex.org/W2007234454","https://openalex.org/W2028526865","https://openalex.org/W2035007952","https://openalex.org/W2039984414","https://openalex.org/W2062656822","https://openalex.org/W2062796053","https://openalex.org/W2075664397","https://openalex.org/W2093197140","https://openalex.org/W2093362058","https://openalex.org/W2119740108","https://openalex.org/W2164741953","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2262740167","https://openalex.org/W2332912277","https://openalex.org/W2343433123","https://openalex.org/W2477566801","https://openalex.org/W2547772273","https://openalex.org/W2592340788","https://openalex.org/W2594327785","https://openalex.org/W2617977418","https://openalex.org/W2802026553","https://openalex.org/W4230982142","https://openalex.org/W4242916712","https://openalex.org/W4297663731","https://openalex.org/W6693303366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985257614","https://openalex.org/W2007514856","https://openalex.org/W2129278710","https://openalex.org/W2180313337","https://openalex.org/W1583498368","https://openalex.org/W2162956301","https://openalex.org/W2097113102","https://openalex.org/W2772326242","https://openalex.org/W2097209991","https://openalex.org/W2995968316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cSource":[0],"ID":[1],"Mix\u201d":[2],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6],"new":[7],"type":[8],"of":[9,19,47,69,102],"highly":[10],"deceiving":[11],"attack":[12],"which":[13],"can":[14],"alter":[15],"the":[16,44,56,62,77,100,103],"source":[17,53,57],"information":[18],"synchrophasor":[20,48,96],"data":[21,49,87,110],"measured":[22],"by":[23,84],"multiple":[24],"phasor":[25],"measurement":[26,32,86],"units,":[27],"thereby":[28],"paralyzing":[29],"many":[30],"wide-area":[31],"systems":[33],"applications.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"such":[37,108],"sophisticated":[38],"cyber":[39,116],"attacks,":[40],"we":[41],"have":[42,88,98],"exploited":[43],"spatio-temporal":[45],"characteristics":[46],"for":[50],"authenticating":[51],"measurements'":[52],"information.":[54],"Specifically,":[55],"authentication":[58,82],"is":[59],"performed":[60],"when":[61],"measurements":[63,97],"are":[64],"subjected":[65],"to":[66],"three":[67],"types":[68],"spoofing":[70,111],"attacks.":[71],"Some":[72],"practical":[73],"difficulties":[74],"in":[75,106],"applying":[76],"proposed":[78,104],"method":[79,105],"on":[80],"real-time":[81],"caused":[83],"insufficient":[85],"also":[89],"been":[90],"solved.":[91],"Experimental":[92],"results":[93],"with":[94],"real":[95],"validated":[99],"effectiveness":[101],"detecting":[107],"complicated":[109],"and":[112],"improving":[113],"power":[114],"systems'":[115],"security.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
