{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890522611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","title":"Hardware and Software Implementation of Decentralized Active Demand Response (DADR) System Supporting Primary Regulation","display_name":"Hardware and Software Implementation of Decentralized Active Demand Response (DADR) System Supporting Primary Regulation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890522611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","mag":"2890522611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067176418","display_name":"Robert Smole\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-3648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","display_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzm7v55","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Smolenski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054622772","display_name":"Grzegorz Benysek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-5690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","display_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzm7v55","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Benysek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016969469","display_name":"Piotr Le\u017cy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-7999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","display_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzm7v55","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Lezynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081617929","display_name":"Marcin Jarnut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-0428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","display_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzm7v55","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Jarnut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona, G\u00f3ra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067176418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57188584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"4806","last_page":"4815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5846042633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5659873485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5563033223152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.5520133972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5205336809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3942068815231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.37702739238739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3734341263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3596333861351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3588413596153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3352307677268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2251165211200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10769179463386536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5846042633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5659873485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5563033223152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.5520133972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5205336809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3942068815231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37702739238739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3734341263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3596333861351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3588413596153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3352307677268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2251165211200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10769179463386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2868821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607361739","https://openalex.org/W1976837259","https://openalex.org/W1988156359","https://openalex.org/W1988708854","https://openalex.org/W1992582890","https://openalex.org/W2008294274","https://openalex.org/W2020707839","https://openalex.org/W2025925080","https://openalex.org/W2069848882","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2086751360","https://openalex.org/W2092577194","https://openalex.org/W2125978733","https://openalex.org/W2149164035","https://openalex.org/W2188280455","https://openalex.org/W2266776422","https://openalex.org/W2313493060","https://openalex.org/W2325162707","https://openalex.org/W2327418893","https://openalex.org/W2418982608","https://openalex.org/W2548272267","https://openalex.org/W2551343409","https://openalex.org/W2575911505","https://openalex.org/W2588200286","https://openalex.org/W2593034620","https://openalex.org/W2614027191","https://openalex.org/W2748923504","https://openalex.org/W2771511577","https://openalex.org/W4205342281","https://openalex.org/W6805665135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555175041","https://openalex.org/W2032085210","https://openalex.org/W2389561653","https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2052188148","https://openalex.org/W4239205706","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W4239297229","https://openalex.org/W2769996735","https://openalex.org/W3003695187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,134],"concept":[1],"of":[2,21,28,35,39,65,79,112,115,126,137],"demand":[3],"response":[4],"(DR)":[5],"is":[6,10,141],"relatively":[7],"well-known.":[8],"There":[9],"an":[11,63,94,109,144],"extensive":[12],"literature":[13],"on":[14,25,143],"possible":[15],"DR":[16,69],"system":[17,70,103,140],"services":[18],"and":[19,147],"evaluation":[20],"regulative":[22],"potential,":[23],"based":[24,142],"statistical":[26],"analyses":[27],"data":[29],"concerning":[30],"loads":[31],"suitable":[32],"for":[33,101],"provision":[34],"the":[36,40,53,59,77,113,119,138],"service.":[37],"Some":[38],"presented":[41,152],"concepts":[42],"have":[43],"been":[44],"implemented":[45],"in":[46,76,130,153],"real":[47,131],"applications.":[48],"However,":[49],"as":[50,52,122,124],"far":[51],"authors":[54],"know,":[55],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"presents":[58],"first":[60],"attempt":[61],"at":[62],"implementation":[64,92],"a":[66,80,98,105,127],"decentralized":[67],"active":[68],"(DADR),":[71],"without":[72],"communication":[73],"between":[74],"devices,":[75],"form":[78],"laboratory":[81,106],"setup":[82],"consisting":[83],"1000":[84],"devices":[85],"enabling":[86,108],"primary":[87],"regulation":[88],"support.":[89],"proposed":[91],"covers":[93],"original":[95],"hardware":[96],"design,":[97],"software":[99],"platform":[100],"flexible":[102],"development,":[104],"arrangement":[107],"objective":[110],"assessment":[111],"quality":[114],"service":[116],"provided":[117],"by":[118],"DADR":[120,139],"system,":[121],"well":[123],"results":[125],"pilot":[128],"test":[129],"power":[132],"system.":[133],"practical":[135],"realization":[136],"earlier":[145],"elaborated":[146],"theoretically":[148],"investigated":[149],"control":[150],"algorithm,":[151],"previous":[154],"papers.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}