{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883836429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","title":"Optimal Sizing of PEV Fast Charging Stations With Markovian Demand Characterization","display_name":"Optimal Sizing of PEV Fast Charging Stations With Markovian Demand Characterization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883836429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","mag":"2883836429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636290","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-4692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751686","display_name":"Siyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055284175","display_name":"Shuiguang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiguang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038174569","display_name":"Qinglin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081318069","display_name":"MengChu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MengChu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100636290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97556722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"4457","last_page":"4466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.733485758304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.6496968865394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5887967348098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.5569940805435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5453441143035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4838753938674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.4665664732456207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4618339538574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.4571532905101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4259181618690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32849830389022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22046548128128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11191892623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09461799263954163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.733485758304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.6496968865394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5887967348098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.5569940805435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5453441143035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4838753938674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4665664732456207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4618339538574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.4571532905101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4259181618690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32849830389022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22046548128128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11191892623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09461799263954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2860783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1920953585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ15E070001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2009483337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20161142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","funder_display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5344302460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51777183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6108535975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LR18F020003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6372922776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8303811363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G-415-135-38","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695439204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1400601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187022023","https://openalex.org/W1181333096","https://openalex.org/W1936942893","https://openalex.org/W1980633987","https://openalex.org/W1993310746","https://openalex.org/W2014533616","https://openalex.org/W2031002002","https://openalex.org/W2046612982","https://openalex.org/W2066093562","https://openalex.org/W2066889585","https://openalex.org/W2071226964","https://openalex.org/W2075110206","https://openalex.org/W2079055900","https://openalex.org/W2089574748","https://openalex.org/W2090089841","https://openalex.org/W2114461427","https://openalex.org/W2121324168","https://openalex.org/W2138177354","https://openalex.org/W2141503184","https://openalex.org/W2175168128","https://openalex.org/W2197708404","https://openalex.org/W2320936319","https://openalex.org/W2342761063","https://openalex.org/W2343215087","https://openalex.org/W2344545089","https://openalex.org/W2407836786","https://openalex.org/W2513289972","https://openalex.org/W2527463215","https://openalex.org/W2528101458","https://openalex.org/W2529296693","https://openalex.org/W2596976455","https://openalex.org/W2734592262","https://openalex.org/W3102492685","https://openalex.org/W6645166862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2928328943","https://openalex.org/W2115248066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fast":[0],"charging":[1,27,39,65,84,90,107,131,145],"stations":[2,66,108,132],"are":[3,92],"critical":[4],"infrastructures":[5],"to":[6,21,25,137],"enable":[7],"high":[8],"penetration":[9],"of":[10,37,44,57,63,78,81,88,124,144,148,157],"plug-in":[11],"electric":[12],"vehicles":[13],"(PEVs)":[14],"into":[15],"future":[16],"distribution":[17],"networks.":[18],"They":[19],"need":[20],"be":[22,134],"carefully":[23],"planned":[24],"meet":[26],"demand":[28,40,91],"as":[29,31,152,154],"well":[30,153],"ensure":[32],"economic":[33],"benefits.":[34],"Accurate":[35],"estimation":[36],"PEV":[38,82,89,104],"is":[41,109,163],"the":[42,54,121],"prerequisite":[43],"such":[45],"planning,":[46],"but":[47],"a":[48,95,112,119,166],"nontrivial":[49],"task.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"addresses":[53],"sizing":[55],"(number":[56],"chargers":[58,125],"and":[59,67,115,126,150,172],"waiting":[60,127,149],"spaces)":[61],"problem":[62],"fast":[64,83,130],"presents":[68],"an":[69,75],"optimal":[70,122],"planning":[71],"solution":[72,162],"based":[73],"on":[74],"explicit":[76],"temporal-state":[77],"charge":[79],"characterization":[80],"demand.":[85],"The":[86,103,160],"characteristics":[87],"derived":[93],"through":[94,165],"vehicle":[96],"travel":[97],"behavior":[98],"analysis":[99],"using":[100],"available":[101],"statistics.":[102],"dynamics":[105],"in":[106,129],"modelled":[110],"with":[111,169],"Markov":[113],"chain":[114],"queuing":[116],"theory.":[117],"As":[118],"result,":[120],"number":[123],"spaces":[128],"can":[133],"jointly":[135],"determined":[136],"maximize":[138],"expected":[139],"operator":[140],"profits,":[141],"considering":[142],"profit":[143],"service,":[146],"penalty":[147],"rejection,":[151],"maintenance":[155],"cost":[156],"idle":[158],"facilities.":[159],"proposed":[161],"validated":[164],"case":[167],"study":[168],"mathematical":[170],"justifications":[171],"simulation":[173],"results.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}