{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809175798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","title":"State Space Modeling and Control of Aggregated TCLs for Regulation Services in Power Grids","display_name":"State Space Modeling and Control of Aggregated TCLs for Regulation Services in Power Grids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809175798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","mag":"2809175798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699056","display_name":"Meng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-4159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-4159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049214482","display_name":"Ciwei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciwei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779406","display_name":"Zhiyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-8005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-8005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100546357","display_name":"Jianlin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianlin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Corporation of China, Shanghai Power Company Economic Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Corporation of China, Shanghai Power Company Economic Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100850147","display_name":"Huaguang Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Corporation of China, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Corporation of China, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95045538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"4095","last_page":"4106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5913393497467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5890617966651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5165997743606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space-representation","display_name":"State-space representation","score":0.5006256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.46724581718444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4651682376861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.45759305357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4541744887828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4364752173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.4286290109157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4282544255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41489261388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4119889736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.39419323205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3602699041366577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5913393497467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5890617966651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5165997743606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52918065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230945","display_name":"State-space representation","level":2,"score":0.5006256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.46724581718444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4651682376861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45759305357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4541744887828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4364752173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.4286290109157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4282544255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41489261388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4119889736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39419323205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3602699041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2849321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3463317109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51577029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3868345220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGJS0000YXJS1700312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967831571","https://openalex.org/W1975003454","https://openalex.org/W1990488536","https://openalex.org/W2005585337","https://openalex.org/W2044689796","https://openalex.org/W2063136778","https://openalex.org/W2065553080","https://openalex.org/W2084502662","https://openalex.org/W2090227290","https://openalex.org/W2090359259","https://openalex.org/W2091510875","https://openalex.org/W2122032342","https://openalex.org/W2132990234","https://openalex.org/W2146711412","https://openalex.org/W2152663575","https://openalex.org/W2160393298","https://openalex.org/W2174209625","https://openalex.org/W2180199879","https://openalex.org/W2181681996","https://openalex.org/W2211350174","https://openalex.org/W2223620862","https://openalex.org/W2247506721","https://openalex.org/W2249216183","https://openalex.org/W2305415516","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2337204591","https://openalex.org/W2340152469","https://openalex.org/W2343277916","https://openalex.org/W2460455176","https://openalex.org/W2510897014","https://openalex.org/W2512109574","https://openalex.org/W2549604351","https://openalex.org/W2571471956","https://openalex.org/W2598501126","https://openalex.org/W2682836610","https://openalex.org/W2742488899","https://openalex.org/W2801115588","https://openalex.org/W6685775293","https://openalex.org/W6689004578","https://openalex.org/W6732057399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579634771","https://openalex.org/W3013517953","https://openalex.org/W1560664277","https://openalex.org/W2756401664","https://openalex.org/W2338837772","https://openalex.org/W1486719010","https://openalex.org/W2547148345","https://openalex.org/W1496710458","https://openalex.org/W1538101308","https://openalex.org/W4247219983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermostatically":[0],"controlled":[1],"loads":[2],"(TCLs),":[3],"which":[4],"possess":[5],"thermal":[6],"inertia,":[7],"have":[8],"attracted":[9],"additional":[10],"attention":[11],"for":[12,25,29,93,104,109,140,176],"providing":[13,177],"ancillary":[14,178],"services":[15,179],"to":[16,87,126,180],"power":[17,181],"systems.":[18,182],"In":[19],"this":[20,85],"regard,":[21],"the":[22,31,35,50,53,89,94,105,116,128,132,142,150,165,171],"aggregation":[23],"model":[24,56,73,103,154],"TCLs":[26],"is":[27,60,74,82,124],"critical":[28],"evaluating":[30],"performance":[32],"and":[33,47,76,137,164],"optimizing":[34],"control":[36,102,122,144,156,167],"of":[37,40,52,96,134,173],"a":[38,69,77],"population":[39],"TCLs.":[41],"We":[42],"learn":[43],"by":[44,62],"theoretical":[45],"analyses":[46],"simulations":[48],"that":[49,113,149],"accuracy":[51,92],"state":[54,79],"space":[55],"in":[57,84],"most":[58],"cases":[59],"deteriorated":[61],"applying":[63],"longer":[64],"TCL":[65,72,90,107,118,135,143,153,162,174],"dispatch":[66],"periods.":[67],"Thus,":[68],"modified":[70],"aggregated":[71,106,152],"proposed":[75,101,151,166],"new":[78],"transition":[80],"matrix":[81],"derived":[83],"paper":[86],"improve":[88],"modeling":[91],"provision":[95],"grid":[97],"regulation":[98],"services.":[99],"The":[100],"accounts":[108],"compressor":[110],"time":[111],"delays":[112],"would":[114],"enhance":[115],"collective":[117],"behavior.":[119],"A":[120],"probabilistic":[121],"strategy":[123,168],"presented":[125],"reduce":[127,170],"adverse":[129],"impacts":[130],"on":[131],"durability":[133],"compressors":[136],"communication":[138],"requirements":[139],"implementing":[141],"signal.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"with":[155],"signals":[157],"can":[158,169],"closely":[159],"follow":[160],"actual":[161],"behavior":[163],"number":[172],"switching":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}