{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807763193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","title":"Game Theoretic Non-Cooperative Distributed Coordination Control for Multi-Microgrids","display_name":"Game Theoretic Non-Cooperative Distributed Coordination Control for Multi-Microgrids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807763193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","mag":"2807763193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824682","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-4892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-4892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614290","display_name":"Wei Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-0009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334399","display_name":"Jianhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627758","display_name":"Wenwu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-179X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-179X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083708791","display_name":"Xinze Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-9464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinze Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Company Ltd., Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-9464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Company Ltd., Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97591702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"6986","last_page":"6997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6369674801826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6108255386352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5951051712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5862043499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5627726316452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5418483018875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5353192687034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralised-system","display_name":"Decentralised system","score":0.5206117630004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5202966332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5069973468780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.48895204067230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.47028636932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4471219778060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.43342870473861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2598186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.23914730548858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18917179107666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14628809690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10600367188453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10008326172828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08597549796104431}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6369674801826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6108255386352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5951051712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5862043499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5627726316452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5418483018875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5353192687034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.5206117630004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5202966332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5069973468780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.48895204067230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47028636932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4471219778060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.43342870473861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2598186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.23914730548858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18917179107666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14628809690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10600367188453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10008326172828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08597549796104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2846732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3208096587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51477029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6596440260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0900404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G678152921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20160674","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W333824535","https://openalex.org/W1665876831","https://openalex.org/W1974729410","https://openalex.org/W1976178455","https://openalex.org/W1983759761","https://openalex.org/W2016990092","https://openalex.org/W2021868267","https://openalex.org/W2031464736","https://openalex.org/W2040986667","https://openalex.org/W2074229485","https://openalex.org/W2079821148","https://openalex.org/W2081964703","https://openalex.org/W2087895221","https://openalex.org/W2089303750","https://openalex.org/W2095411820","https://openalex.org/W2101877964","https://openalex.org/W2103695185","https://openalex.org/W2108247197","https://openalex.org/W2111212237","https://openalex.org/W2116540016","https://openalex.org/W2118064636","https://openalex.org/W2123597940","https://openalex.org/W2132829140","https://openalex.org/W2160935860","https://openalex.org/W2162802928","https://openalex.org/W2183924653","https://openalex.org/W2370395447","https://openalex.org/W2418228673","https://openalex.org/W2470144878","https://openalex.org/W2535671696","https://openalex.org/W2537459725","https://openalex.org/W2581448111","https://openalex.org/W2582412800","https://openalex.org/W2764933519","https://openalex.org/W2794933703","https://openalex.org/W3101412365","https://openalex.org/W4249068255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2250140200","https://openalex.org/W3121791438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increased":[1],"number":[2,136],"of":[3,86,104,137,159,164],"microgrids":[4],"(MGs)":[5],"will":[6,44],"exist":[7],"in":[8,30],"future":[9],"active":[10],"distribution":[11],"systems":[12],"(ADSs);":[13],"however,":[14],"these":[15],"MGs":[16],"belong":[17],"to":[18,47,66],"multiple":[19,40],"operators":[20],"and":[21,71,89,114,122,135,147,157],"cannot":[22],"simply":[23],"be":[24,45],"controlled":[25],"as":[26,120,125],"a":[27,49,57,73,91,144],"public":[28],"grid":[29],"the":[31,83,102,129,132,141,154],"electricity":[32],"market":[33],"environment.":[34],"For":[35],"multi-MGs":[36],"(MMGs)":[37],"which":[38],"have":[39],"coexisting":[41],"beneficiaries,":[42],"it":[43,100],"unfeasible":[46],"realize":[48],"cooperative":[50],"control":[51,63,75,107,133],"among":[52],"them.":[53],"Hence,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"game":[58,97],"theoretic":[59],"non-cooperative":[60],"distributed":[61],"coordination":[62],"(NCDCC)":[64],"scheme":[65,161],"address":[67],"multi-operator":[68],"energy":[69],"trading":[70],"facilitate":[72],"powerful":[74],"structure":[76],"for":[77,143],"MMGs.":[78],"The":[79],"proposed":[80],"NCDCC":[81,130],"coordinates":[82],"individual":[84],"benefits":[85],"each":[87],"MG":[88,124],"achieves":[90],"global":[92,110],"objective":[93],"based":[94],"on":[95],"differential":[96],"theory.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99],"simplifies":[101],"implementation":[103],"many":[105],"ADS":[106,119],"functions,":[108],"including":[109],"coordination,":[111],"local":[112],"autonomy,":[113],"self-healing,":[115],"by":[116,139,162],"reconsidering":[117],"an":[118,126],"MMGs":[121],"every":[123],"agent.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"reduces":[131],"dimension":[134],"agents":[138],"obviating":[140],"requirements":[142],"central":[145],"controller":[146],"complex":[148],"communication":[149],"topologies.":[150],"This":[151],"article":[152],"investigates":[153],"effectiveness,":[155],"adaptability,":[156],"fairness":[158],"this":[160],"means":[163],"several":[165],"representative":[166],"cases":[167],"studies.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}