{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2940608966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","title":"Coordinated Power Control of Electric Vehicles for Grid Frequency Support: MILP-Based Hierarchical Control Design","display_name":"Coordinated Power Control of Electric Vehicles for Grid Frequency Support: MILP-Based Hierarchical Control Design","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2940608966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","mag":"2940608966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091365209","display_name":"Kuljeet Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kuljeet Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103260013","display_name":"Mukesh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091365209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98261228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"3364","last_page":"3373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6284220814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.575262725353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5228909850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4960118234157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4789579212665558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4709029197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.4671708047389984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45738548040390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.4572271406650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.4501979351043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.43934327363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.41912105679512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4026974141597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3161296248435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24714574217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15858662128448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.10265159606933594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6284220814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.575262725353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5228909850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4960118234157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4789579212665558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4709029197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.4671708047389984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45738548040390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.4572271406650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.4501979351043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.43934327363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.41912105679512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4026974141597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3161296248435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24714574217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15858662128448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.10265159606933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:21009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/21009/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313903","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524759419","https://openalex.org/W1976837259","https://openalex.org/W1992970170","https://openalex.org/W2024485885","https://openalex.org/W2049783883","https://openalex.org/W2051896694","https://openalex.org/W2063996928","https://openalex.org/W2075391763","https://openalex.org/W2086945075","https://openalex.org/W2093675665","https://openalex.org/W2103108819","https://openalex.org/W2319929898","https://openalex.org/W2342841699","https://openalex.org/W2422154338","https://openalex.org/W2439326127","https://openalex.org/W2505050710","https://openalex.org/W2530251560","https://openalex.org/W2551184464","https://openalex.org/W2558465750","https://openalex.org/W2585453141","https://openalex.org/W2587686993","https://openalex.org/W2588698707","https://openalex.org/W2611183827","https://openalex.org/W2626609413","https://openalex.org/W2763249096","https://openalex.org/W2769352245","https://openalex.org/W4234051638","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675410932","https://openalex.org/W6745560989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892695466","https://openalex.org/W4361858090","https://openalex.org/W4289260695","https://openalex.org/W4312982279","https://openalex.org/W4390988374","https://openalex.org/W2212749139","https://openalex.org/W2333668056","https://openalex.org/W4214716302","https://openalex.org/W2801911537","https://openalex.org/W4200181585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"regulation":[1],"is":[2,47],"one":[3],"of":[4,38,59,134,203,239],"the":[5,14,33,57,86,132,151,157,161,201,237,240,250],"most":[6],"crucial":[7],"ancillary":[8],"services":[9],"that":[10],"strives":[11],"to":[12,56,93,108,130,149,155,165,176,188,194,249],"maintain":[13],"demand":[15,41,81],"and":[16,36,40,65,68,82,104,184,192,231],"supply":[17,39,83],"in":[18,24,79,85,120,169,247],"smart":[19],"grid":[20,162],"setup.":[21],"The":[22,140,216,233],"deviations":[23,159],"grid's":[25],"frequency":[26,45,114,138,158,204,245],"can":[27,74,111],"be":[28],"managed":[29],"efficiently":[30],"by":[31,97,117],"adjusting":[32],"power":[34,124,173],"generation":[35],"consumption":[37],"sides,":[42],"respectively.":[43],"Traditionally,":[44],"support":[46,166,205,246],"provided":[48],"using":[49,222],"conventional":[50],"generators":[51],"but":[52],"their":[53,90],"usage":[54],"leads":[55],"emission":[58],"harmful":[60],"gases,":[61],"degraded":[62],"heat":[63],"rate,":[64],"associated":[66],"wear":[67],"tear.":[69],"However,":[70],"electric":[71],"vehicles":[72],"(EVs)":[73],"play":[75],"a":[76,123,144,210],"significant":[77],"role":[78],"managing":[80],"imbalances":[84],"near":[87],"future;":[88],"with":[89,171],"penetration":[91],"expected":[92],"reach":[94],"400":[95],"billion":[96],"2020.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"EVs":[100,135],"have":[101],"large":[102],"charging":[103,183],"discharging":[105,185],"capacities":[106],"due":[107],"which":[109],"they":[110],"provide":[112],"instantaneous":[113],"support.":[115],"Motivated":[116],"these":[118,199],"factors,":[119],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"management":[125],"scheme":[126,142,218,242],"has":[127,206,219],"been":[128,207,220],"presented":[129],"leverage":[131],"participation":[133],"for":[136,181,243],"secondary":[137],"regulation.":[139],"proposed":[141,217,241],"uses":[143],"2-level":[145],"hierarchical":[146],"control":[147],"mechanism":[148],"attain":[150],"following":[152],"objectives:":[153],"(1)":[154],"minimize":[156],"at":[160],"level;":[163],"(2)":[164],"bi-directional":[167],"vehicle-to-grid":[168],"accordance":[170],"users'":[172],"requirements;":[174],"(3)":[175],"generate":[177],"an":[178],"optimal":[179],"schedule":[180],"EV's":[182,196],"needs;":[186],"(4)":[187],"reduce":[189],"battery":[190],"degradation;":[191],"(5)":[193],"maximize":[195],"revenue.":[197],"Using":[198],"objectives,":[200],"problem":[202],"formulated":[208],"as":[209],"mixed":[211],"integer":[212],"linear":[213],"programming":[214],"problem.":[215],"evaluated":[221],"Mosek":[223],"solver":[224],"on":[225],"real-time":[226],"data":[227],"acquired":[228],"from":[229],"PJM":[230],"CAISO.":[232],"results":[234],"obtained":[235],"demonstrate":[236],"effectiveness":[238],"providing":[244],"comparison":[248],"existing":[251],"scheme.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
