{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792993753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","title":"Optimal Configuration of Isolated Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids","display_name":"Optimal Configuration of Isolated Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792993753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","mag":"2792993753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=9295fb5e-6afe-4e34-b72a-70bb63bf1897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069723924","display_name":"Amr A. Hamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-8073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amr A. Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694319","display_name":"Mohammed E. Nassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-9761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Elsayed Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020667524","display_name":"Ehab F. El\u2010Saadany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab F. El-Saadany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111310133","display_name":"M.M.A. Salama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. A. Salama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069723924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96503379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"2789","last_page":"2798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8605501651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6096439957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.605973482131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5757231116294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.566291868686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5502991676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.5226854085922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4645526111125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.46120184659957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4502633213996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.43424880504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.43109130859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4251907765865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.42052268981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.42051059007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4006286859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3875640034675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.20071536302566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16997572779655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1506108045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14528709650039673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8605501651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6096439957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.605973482131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5757231116294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.566291868686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5502991676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.5226854085922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4645526111125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.46120184659957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4502633213996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.43424880504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43109130859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4251907765865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.42052268981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.42051059007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4006286859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3875640034675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.20071536302566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16997572779655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1506108045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14528709650039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2810310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:23002977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=9295fb5e-6afe-4e34-b72a-70bb63bf1897","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=9295fb5e-6afe-4e34-b72a-70bb63bf1897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:23002977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=9295fb5e-6afe-4e34-b72a-70bb63bf1897","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=9295fb5e-6afe-4e34-b72a-70bb63bf1897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7907166176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP 9-055-2-022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792993753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792993753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606023290","https://openalex.org/W1924452256","https://openalex.org/W1974901594","https://openalex.org/W1975129802","https://openalex.org/W1986110995","https://openalex.org/W1987512335","https://openalex.org/W1991562391","https://openalex.org/W1996219115","https://openalex.org/W2009693230","https://openalex.org/W2048234744","https://openalex.org/W2055294215","https://openalex.org/W2076908765","https://openalex.org/W2079821148","https://openalex.org/W2103565957","https://openalex.org/W2104658456","https://openalex.org/W2112971141","https://openalex.org/W2138503367","https://openalex.org/W2145963793","https://openalex.org/W2156866471","https://openalex.org/W2263311178","https://openalex.org/W2344299036","https://openalex.org/W2520809033","https://openalex.org/W2526316194","https://openalex.org/W2567297511","https://openalex.org/W2591889368","https://openalex.org/W2609397731","https://openalex.org/W2735336548","https://openalex.org/W2735549622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355150740","https://openalex.org/W1570369983","https://openalex.org/W2906602677","https://openalex.org/W2051053503","https://openalex.org/W195896717","https://openalex.org/W3112588909","https://openalex.org/W1993958856","https://openalex.org/W2103508377","https://openalex.org/W2478592842","https://openalex.org/W2047956094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,77,112,141,158],"model":[4,14,37,75,136],"for":[5],"planning":[6,71],"isolated":[7,26,122],"microgrids.":[8],"The":[9,36,92,134,163],"goal":[10],"of":[11,24,32,42,54,80,96,114,127,157,167],"the":[12,18,29,33,39,51,56,62,74,124,155,168],"proposed":[13,135],"is":[15,151],"to":[16,106],"minimize":[17],"investment,":[19],"operational,":[20],"and":[21,50,61,84,88,117,129,165],"total":[22],"costs":[23],"an":[25],"microgrid":[27],"through":[28,174],"full":[30],"identification":[31],"system":[34],"configuration.":[35],"designates":[38],"optimal":[40,52],"type":[41],"microgrid,":[43],"i.e.,":[44],"ac,":[45],"dc,":[46],"or":[47],"hybrid":[48],"ac/dc,":[49],"sizing":[53],"both":[55],"distributed":[57],"energy":[58,89],"resources":[59],"(DERs)":[60],"electronic":[63],"power":[64,98,119],"converters,":[65],"if":[66],"needed.":[67],"To":[68],"render":[69],"this":[70],"approach":[72],"generic,":[73],"accommodates":[76],"wide":[78],"variety":[79],"DERs,":[81],"including":[82],"ac":[83],"dc":[85],"generators,":[86],"capacitors,":[87],"storage":[90],"systems.":[91],"detailed":[93],"operational":[94,109],"criteria":[95],"each":[97],"apparatus":[99],"are":[100,131],"taken":[101],"into":[102],"account":[103],"in":[104,121],"order":[105],"provide":[107],"reliable":[108],"scenarios.":[110],"As":[111],"means":[113],"guaranteeing":[115],"active":[116],"reactive":[118],"adequacy":[120],"microgrids,":[123],"stochastic":[125],"nature":[126],"generation":[128],"demand":[130],"also":[132],"considered.":[133],"was":[137],"developed":[138],"analytically":[139],"as":[140],"mixed":[142],"integer":[143],"nonlinear":[144,161],"problem":[145],"so":[146],"that":[147],"obtaining":[148],"solution":[149],"optima":[150],"thus":[152],"possible":[153],"with":[154],"use":[156],"deterministic":[159],"branch-and-bound":[160],"solver.":[162],"validity":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"new":[169],"formulation":[170],"have":[171],"been":[172],"demonstrated":[173],"several":[175],"case":[176],"studies":[177],"involving":[178],"varied":[179],"load":[180],"topologies.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
