{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791794141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","title":"A Distributed Control Architecture for Global System Economic Operation in Autonomous Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids","display_name":"A Distributed Control Architecture for Global System Economic Operation in Autonomous Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791794141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","mag":"2791794141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079173024","display_name":"Pengfeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-1036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153592","display_name":"Geriatric Education and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqwt245","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengfeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERI@N, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERI@N, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733595","display_name":"Chi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4504-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153592","display_name":"Geriatric Education and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqwt245","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERI@N, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERI@N, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047374672","display_name":"Jianfang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153592","display_name":"Geriatric Education and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqwt245","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERI@N, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERI@N, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339629","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-2632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067554434","display_name":"Donghan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0730-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153592","display_name":"Geriatric Education and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqwt245","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERI@N, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERI@N, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051927490","display_name":"Yi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112361900","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-7601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079173024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153592"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98136308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"2603","last_page":"2617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.5236087441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4720267355442047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4609667956829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41149765253067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2851642966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.24653440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23253625631332397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18626904487609863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.5236087441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4720267355442047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4609667956829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41149765253067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2851642966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.24653440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23253625631332397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18626904487609863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2805839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/141325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/141325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G411842856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S14-1475-RF-LLF Urban","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320742","funder_display_name":"Economic Development Board - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320742","display_name":"Economic Development Board - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqj0b62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1969582081","https://openalex.org/W1973051071","https://openalex.org/W1974729410","https://openalex.org/W1985243428","https://openalex.org/W1994277329","https://openalex.org/W1994762984","https://openalex.org/W2009704558","https://openalex.org/W2011297968","https://openalex.org/W2014366918","https://openalex.org/W2024559217","https://openalex.org/W2049651668","https://openalex.org/W2075469757","https://openalex.org/W2098989572","https://openalex.org/W2100665834","https://openalex.org/W2113714102","https://openalex.org/W2124332712","https://openalex.org/W2131164473","https://openalex.org/W2132755931","https://openalex.org/W2144292666","https://openalex.org/W2144951336","https://openalex.org/W2146216806","https://openalex.org/W2150823352","https://openalex.org/W2196751442","https://openalex.org/W2213135968","https://openalex.org/W2336141656","https://openalex.org/W2339452580","https://openalex.org/W2400249848","https://openalex.org/W2428974619","https://openalex.org/W2529364728","https://openalex.org/W2541315597","https://openalex.org/W2555838481","https://openalex.org/W2608487769","https://openalex.org/W2609165902","https://openalex.org/W2760578628","https://openalex.org/W4229549058","https://openalex.org/W4238591275","https://openalex.org/W6744363182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2523432015","https://openalex.org/W2733481536","https://openalex.org/W2765340260","https://openalex.org/W2153130273","https://openalex.org/W3023710910","https://openalex.org/W2076823813","https://openalex.org/W3008686614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,140,196],"renowned":[2],"that":[3],"the":[4,18,49,52,62,71,78,100,143,158,163,168,200,221,225,236,241,245,253],"entire":[5],"power":[6,222],"system":[7,39,164],"operation":[8],"cost":[9],"can":[10,229],"be":[11,97,230],"minimized":[12],"when":[13],"distributed":[14,27,119],"generators":[15],"(DGs)":[16],"have":[17],"same":[19,242],"incremental":[20],"costs":[21],"(ICs).":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"a":[26,31,118,126],"control":[28,120,255],"architecture":[29,43,256],"for":[30,129],"hybrid":[32,237],"ac/dc":[33],"microgrid":[34],"(MG)":[35],"to":[36,150,167,198,240],"realize":[37],"global":[38],"economic":[40],"operation.":[41],"The":[42,146,248],"consists":[44],"of":[45,80,106,170,204,224,252],"two":[46],"levels.":[47],"In":[48],"first":[50],"level,":[51],"ac":[53,72],"frequency-IC":[54],"(f":[55],"<sub":[56,82,87,108,113,131,136,173,178,211],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[57,83,88,109,114,132,137,174,179,212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ac</sub>":[58,84,110,133,175],"-IC)":[59],"droop":[60,67],"and":[61,73,85,111,134,161,176,209,250,261],"dc":[63,74],"bus":[64],"voltage-IC":[65],"(VdcIC)":[66],"are":[68,188,214,257],"employed":[69],"in":[70,93,142,244,264],"subgrids,":[75],"respectively.":[76],"With":[77],"synchronization":[79],"f":[81,107,130,172],"V":[86,112,135,177,210],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">dc</sub>":[89,115,138,180,213],",":[90],"DG":[91,234],"ICs":[92,235],"each":[94,205],"subgrid":[95,185,206],"will":[96,102],"equalized.":[98],"However,":[99],"droops":[101],"inevitably":[103],"cause":[104],"deviations":[105],".":[116],"Then":[117],"canonical":[121],"form":[122],"(DCCF),":[123],"which":[124,182],"provides":[125],"generalized":[127],"method":[128],"recoveries,":[139],"proposed":[141,197,254],"second":[144],"level.":[145],"DCCF":[147],"allows":[148],"DGs":[149],"communicate":[151],"only":[152],"with":[153],"their":[154],"neighbors,":[155],"thus":[156],"alleviating":[157],"communication":[159],"burdens":[160],"enhancing":[162],"scalability.":[165],"Due":[166],"presence":[169],"DCCF,":[171],"fluctuations,":[181],"naturally":[183],"indicate":[184],"loading":[186,193,202],"conditions,":[187],"invisible.":[189],"An":[190],"original":[191],"relative":[192],"index":[194],"(RLI)":[195],"extract":[199],"hidden":[201],"condition":[203],"even":[207],"thoughfac":[208],"clamped":[215],"as":[216],"constants.":[217],"By":[218],"using":[219],"RLI,":[220],"reference":[223],"bidirectional":[226],"interlinking":[227],"converter":[228],"easily":[231],"defined.":[232],"All":[233],"MG":[238],"converge":[239],"value":[243],"steady":[246],"state.":[247],"feasibility":[249],"effectiveness":[251],"verified":[258],"by":[259],"simulations":[260],"RT-LAB":[262],"hardware":[263],"loop":[265],"tests.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}