{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766103644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","title":"Ultra-High-Speed Traveling-Wave-Based Protection Scheme for Medium-Voltage DC Microgrids","display_name":"Ultra-High-Speed Traveling-Wave-Based Protection Scheme for Medium-Voltage DC Microgrids","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766103644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","mag":"2766103644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013146150","display_name":"Khaled A. Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-7021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaled A. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON , Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077687467","display_name":"Ali Hooshyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-7784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hooshyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020667524","display_name":"Ehab F. El\u2010Saadany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["AE","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab F. El-Saadany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, on leave from the Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, on leave from the Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, on leave from the Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, on leave from the Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375","https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013146150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96538685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"1440","last_page":"1451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.7421246767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7187541723251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6166322231292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5970867276191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5674362182617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarity","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","score":0.5351093411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5057899951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4591462314128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.440371036529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39901643991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37964609265327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3619219958782196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.7421246767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7187541723251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6166322231292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5970867276191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5674362182617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.5351093411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5057899951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4591462314128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.440371036529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39901643991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37964609265327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3619219958782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2767552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W390228620","https://openalex.org/W562690047","https://openalex.org/W1777964198","https://openalex.org/W1971473054","https://openalex.org/W1999922708","https://openalex.org/W2001497335","https://openalex.org/W2002361682","https://openalex.org/W2025188302","https://openalex.org/W2028040639","https://openalex.org/W2030623414","https://openalex.org/W2036302375","https://openalex.org/W2080326549","https://openalex.org/W2084183570","https://openalex.org/W2115556004","https://openalex.org/W2133652865","https://openalex.org/W2153989565","https://openalex.org/W2161409091","https://openalex.org/W2171429758","https://openalex.org/W2172696553","https://openalex.org/W2314304300","https://openalex.org/W2497855708","https://openalex.org/W2507354321","https://openalex.org/W2507428423","https://openalex.org/W2527144401","https://openalex.org/W2539624324","https://openalex.org/W2734312130","https://openalex.org/W2921112103","https://openalex.org/W4230888279","https://openalex.org/W4236605182","https://openalex.org/W4255085264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fast":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,69,81,104,134,141,181,195],"dc":[3,7,40,196],"faults":[4,15],"in":[5,43,176],"medium-voltage":[6],"(MVDC)":[8],"microgrids":[9],"poses":[10],"a":[11,29,70,107,149],"challenge":[12],"as":[13,113,198],"such":[14],"can":[16,110,189],"cause":[17],"severe":[18],"damage":[19],"to":[20,34,136,192],"voltage-sourced":[21],"converters":[22],"within":[23],"few":[24],"milliseconds.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27,178],"proposes":[28],"new":[30],"traveling-wave":[31],"(TW)-based":[32],"method":[33,92,121,188],"detect,":[35],"classify,":[36],"and":[37,51,72,79,99,116,127,168],"locate":[38],"different":[39],"fault":[41,52,71,132],"types":[42,194],"MVDC":[44,154],"microgrids.":[45],"Unlike":[46],"the":[47,55,61,67,76,82,90,96,142,162,182,186],"existing":[48,97],"TW-based":[49],"protection":[50],"location":[53],"methods,":[54],"proposed":[56,91,120,143,187],"technique:":[57],"(1)":[58],"utilizes":[59],"only":[60],"first":[62],"locally":[63],"measured":[64],"TW":[65],"after":[66],"inception":[68],"(2)":[73],"focuses":[74],"on":[75],"waveshape":[77],"properties":[78],"polarity":[80],"TW,":[83],"rather":[84],"than":[85,95],"its":[86],"arrival":[87],"time.":[88],"Therefore,":[89],"is":[93,122],"faster":[94],"techniques,":[98],"also":[100],"requires":[101],"no":[102],"form":[103],"communication.":[105],"As":[106],"result,":[108],"it":[109],"effectively":[111],"operate":[112],"both":[114],"primary":[115],"backup":[117],"protection.":[118],"The":[119,139,159,173],"robust":[123],"against":[124],"high-resistance":[125],"faults,":[126],"has":[128,145],"been":[129,146],"tested":[130],"for":[131],"resistances":[133],"up":[135],"200":[137],"\u03a9.":[138],"performance":[140],"scheme":[144],"assessed":[147],"using":[148],"\u00b12.5":[150],"kV":[151],"TN-S":[152],"grounded":[153],"microgrid":[155],"under":[156],"various":[157],"conditions.":[158],"results":[160],"verify":[161],"scheme's":[163],"ultra-high-speed,":[164],"accuracy,":[165],"sensitivity,":[166],"selectivity,":[167],"independence":[169],"from":[170],"system":[171],"configuration.":[172],"concepts":[174],"discussed":[175],"this":[177],"are":[179],"independent":[180],"voltage":[183],"level.":[184],"Thus,":[185],"be":[190],"applied":[191],"other":[193],"grids":[197],"well.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
