{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750867528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","title":"A Virtual Multi-Terminal Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators","display_name":"A Virtual Multi-Terminal Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750867528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","mag":"2750867528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101539878","display_name":"Bowen Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002870554","display_name":"Haifeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-8051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367473","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101728989","display_name":"Dehui Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehui Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058454231","display_name":"Yuansheng Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-865X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuansheng Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101539878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95196916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"5418","last_page":"5431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-relay","display_name":"Protective relay","score":0.6250228881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tripping","display_name":"Tripping","score":0.6217734813690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.611897349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5781488418579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.5640004873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4978036880493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.4850598871707916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.47772833704948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-protection","display_name":"Differential protection","score":0.4636237621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45320796966552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.45218154788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4433104395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4216618239879608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3504294455051422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3468863070011139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.29701298475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2888830304145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2666289210319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.218616783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1710951328277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.12233638763427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10752639174461365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2412688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503732","display_name":"Protective relay","level":4,"score":0.6250228881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779733308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146464","display_name":"Tripping","level":3,"score":0.6217734813690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.611897349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5781488418579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5640004873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4978036880493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.4850598871707916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.47772833704948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986957705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Differential protection","level":4,"score":0.4636237621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45320796966552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.45218154788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4433104395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4216618239879608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3504294455051422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3468863070011139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.29701298475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2888830304145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2666289210319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.218616783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1710951328277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.12233638763427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10752639174461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4349687793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51477057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487923509","https://openalex.org/W1894783865","https://openalex.org/W1969374741","https://openalex.org/W1979786962","https://openalex.org/W1993874324","https://openalex.org/W1996988815","https://openalex.org/W2013212195","https://openalex.org/W2025143619","https://openalex.org/W2031224821","https://openalex.org/W2032417464","https://openalex.org/W2032750621","https://openalex.org/W2034773686","https://openalex.org/W2051005341","https://openalex.org/W2055297835","https://openalex.org/W2062286591","https://openalex.org/W2062773602","https://openalex.org/W2063895100","https://openalex.org/W2073283302","https://openalex.org/W2078334523","https://openalex.org/W2083963410","https://openalex.org/W2089180821","https://openalex.org/W2091299434","https://openalex.org/W2096429242","https://openalex.org/W2098696623","https://openalex.org/W2100582804","https://openalex.org/W2102406524","https://openalex.org/W2103687379","https://openalex.org/W2111212237","https://openalex.org/W2130055347","https://openalex.org/W2132755931","https://openalex.org/W2138199994","https://openalex.org/W2145522404","https://openalex.org/W2146048275","https://openalex.org/W2146960243","https://openalex.org/W2148782894","https://openalex.org/W2152772383","https://openalex.org/W2155891432","https://openalex.org/W2162259183","https://openalex.org/W2277971182","https://openalex.org/W2315181744","https://openalex.org/W2322957928","https://openalex.org/W4239950382","https://openalex.org/W6629248178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611919020","https://openalex.org/W2992202700","https://openalex.org/W2353494159","https://openalex.org/W2548442521","https://openalex.org/W2372171375","https://openalex.org/W2922611322","https://openalex.org/W2047240731","https://openalex.org/W2811488881","https://openalex.org/W2168125565","https://openalex.org/W4213214381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143],"deployments":[1],"of":[2,19,36,67,73,80,97,145,165,196],"inverter-interfaced":[3],"distributed":[4],"generators":[5],"(IIDGs)":[6],"in":[7,151],"medium":[8],"voltage":[9,76],"distribution":[10],"networks":[11],"may":[12],"cause":[13],"undesirable":[14],"trips":[15],"or":[16],"tripping":[17],"failures":[18],"conventional":[20,171,197],"two-terminal":[21,132],"current":[22,95,110],"differential":[23,111],"protective":[24,124],"relays.":[25],"It":[26],"is":[27,60,90,149,173,183],"economically":[28],"and":[29,40,69,139,157,194],"technically":[30],"unfeasible":[31],"to":[32,186],"reconfigure":[33],"large":[34],"numbers":[35],"time-synchronized":[37],"sampling":[38],"clocks":[39],"communication":[41],"channels":[42],"for":[43,92,141],"each":[44,78],"terminal":[45],"inside":[46],"the":[47,64,70,74,93,119,123,137,146,153,158,166,170,180,192],"protected":[48],"zone.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,101,103],"paper,":[52],"a":[53,86,106],"more":[54],"accurate":[55],"IIDG":[56],"mathematical":[57],"equivalent":[58],"model":[59],"established":[61],"that":[62,179],"considers":[63],"control":[65],"strategies":[66],"IIDG,":[68],"profile":[71],"characteristics":[72],"positive-sequence":[75],"at":[77,126],"point":[79],"common":[81],"coupling":[82],"are":[83],"investigated.":[84],"Then,":[85],"real-time":[87],"estimation":[88],"algorithm":[89],"introduced":[91],"fault":[94,188],"contribution":[96],"grid-connected":[98],"IIDGs.":[99],"On":[100],"basis,":[102],"paper":[104],"proposes":[105],"novel":[107],"virtual":[108],"multi-terminal":[109],"protection":[112,148,168,172,182,198],"scheme.":[113],"This":[114],"scheme":[115],"only":[116],"necessitates":[117],"exchanging":[118],"electrical":[120],"quantities":[121],"between":[122],"relays":[125],"both":[127,152],"terminals":[128],"via":[129],"an":[130],"existing":[131],"pilot":[133],"channel,":[134],"thus":[135],"reducing":[136],"cost":[138],"requirements":[140],"communications.":[142],"feasibility":[144],"proposed":[147,167,181],"demonstrated":[150],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[154],"simulation":[155],"platform":[156],"RTDS":[159],"hardware":[160],"experimental":[161],"laboratory.":[162],"A":[163],"comparison":[164],"alongside":[169],"also":[174],"presented.":[175],"Test":[176],"results":[177],"indicate":[178],"widely":[184],"applicable":[185],"various":[187],"conditions,":[189],"thereby":[190],"improving":[191],"sensitivity":[193],"selectivity":[195],"schemes.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}