{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750006190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","title":"DGs for Service Restoration to Critical Loads in a Secondary Network","display_name":"DGs for Service Restoration to Critical Loads in a Secondary Network","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750006190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","mag":"2750006190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1438230","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059408070","display_name":"Yin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-9024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002375301","display_name":"Chen\u2010Ching Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Ching Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028354446","display_name":"Zhiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-6682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056707799","display_name":"Kefei Mo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefei Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042917551","display_name":"Kevin P. Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-5014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325736334","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin P. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I1325736334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082434166","display_name":"Francis Tuffner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-9663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325736334","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis K. Tuffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I1325736334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108357962","display_name":"Dan Ton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-1890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425498","display_name":"Office of Electricity","ror":"https://ror.org/02y6dp041","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4389425498"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan T. Ton","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059408070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97371273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"435","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inrush-current","display_name":"Inrush current","score":0.8239169120788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6285305023193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6282929182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5155758261680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.48175621032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.47429850697517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39588022232055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3543643355369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34598153829574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23482021689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18713879585266113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23340480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358932","display_name":"Inrush current","level":4,"score":0.8239169120788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6285305023193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6282929182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5155758261680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.48175621032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.47429850697517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39588022232055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3543643355369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34598153829574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23482021689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18713879585266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2743158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1438230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1438230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1438230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1438230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332357","display_name":"Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability","ror":"https://ror.org/03rd4h240"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18831206","https://openalex.org/W46494556","https://openalex.org/W208541377","https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1549116488","https://openalex.org/W1610725134","https://openalex.org/W1985361992","https://openalex.org/W2009742025","https://openalex.org/W2019060543","https://openalex.org/W2019897558","https://openalex.org/W2028389921","https://openalex.org/W2039952681","https://openalex.org/W2062188711","https://openalex.org/W2073787051","https://openalex.org/W2089635373","https://openalex.org/W2093909370","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2107141928","https://openalex.org/W2118910576","https://openalex.org/W2139033201","https://openalex.org/W2139612211","https://openalex.org/W2165738459","https://openalex.org/W2170736358","https://openalex.org/W2206956117","https://openalex.org/W2277817011","https://openalex.org/W2290410061","https://openalex.org/W2318920527","https://openalex.org/W2325663535","https://openalex.org/W2332199208","https://openalex.org/W2341617951","https://openalex.org/W2343206695","https://openalex.org/W2462278955","https://openalex.org/W2514032467","https://openalex.org/W2520276793","https://openalex.org/W2521116880","https://openalex.org/W3097981256","https://openalex.org/W3098546508","https://openalex.org/W4249068255","https://openalex.org/W4253469688","https://openalex.org/W4392783120","https://openalex.org/W6600772493","https://openalex.org/W6636620958","https://openalex.org/W6718914446","https://openalex.org/W6726677816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066475836","https://openalex.org/W3193421521","https://openalex.org/W3015498293","https://openalex.org/W1499431595","https://openalex.org/W2164272108","https://openalex.org/W3009560013","https://openalex.org/W2361461552","https://openalex.org/W3157800390","https://openalex.org/W2374433114","https://openalex.org/W2155742919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"a":[1,5,34,47,118],"major":[2,48],"outage":[3,113],"in":[4],"secondary":[6,22,42,97],"network":[7,23,43,63,72],"distribution":[8,44],"system,":[9],"distributed":[10],"generators":[11],"(DGs)":[12],"connected":[13],"to":[14,27,37,77,151],"the":[15,21,54,60,69,78,128,134,140,153,156],"primary":[16],"feeders":[17],"as":[18,20],"well":[19],"can":[24,124],"be":[25,125],"used":[26],"serve":[28],"critical":[29],"loads.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"proposed":[33,157],"resilience-oriented":[35],"method":[36],"determine":[38],"restoration":[39,55,88],"strategies":[40,123],"for":[41],"systems":[45],"after":[46],"disaster.":[49],"Technical":[50],"issues":[51,94],"associated":[52,95],"with":[53,96],"process":[56],"are":[57],"analyzed,":[58],"including":[59],"operation":[61],"of":[62,71,75,120,130,139,155],"protectors,":[64],"inrush":[65],"currents":[66,82],"caused":[67],"by":[68],"energization":[70],"transformers,":[73],"synchronization":[74],"DGs":[76],"network,":[79],"and":[80,103,108],"circulating":[81],"among":[83],"DGs.":[84],"A":[85],"look-ahead":[86],"load":[87],"framework":[89],"is":[90,115,149],"proposed,":[91],"incorporating":[92],"technical":[93],"networks,":[98],"limits":[99],"on":[100],"DG":[101],"capacity":[102],"generation":[104],"resources,":[105],"dynamic":[106],"constraints,":[107],"operational":[109],"limits.":[110],"The":[111],"entire":[112],"duration":[114],"divided":[116],"into":[117],"sequence":[119],"periods.":[121],"Restoration":[122],"adjusted":[126],"at":[127],"beginning":[129],"each":[131],"period":[132],"using":[133],"latest":[135],"information.":[136],"Numerical":[137],"simulation":[138],"modified":[141],"IEEE":[142],"342-node":[143],"low":[144],"voltage":[145],"networked":[146],"test":[147],"system":[148],"performed":[150],"validate":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"method.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}