{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2694510882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","title":"Operating Expense Optimization for EVs in Multiple Depots and Charge Stations Environment Using Evolutionary Heuristic Method","display_name":"Operating Expense Optimization for EVs in Multiple Depots and Charge Stations Environment Using Evolutionary Heuristic Method","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2694510882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","mag":"2694510882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036529617","display_name":"Hui Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-3859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-8879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-8879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033381522","display_name":"Chaojie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-1481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366084","display_name":"Zhao Yang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-0858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Yang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-0858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022682543","display_name":"Kit Po Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-3800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kit Po Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81851922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"6599","last_page":"6611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7400621175765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7365580797195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.662162721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5761395692825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5523855090141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.519874095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5052259564399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.4730719029903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4613959491252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4297953248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41006284952163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18354874849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14169344305992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07905936241149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0712333619594574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7400621175765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7365580797195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.662162721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5761395692825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5523855090141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.519874095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5052259564399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4730719029903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4613959491252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4297953248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41006284952163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18354874849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14169344305992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07905936241149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0712333619594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2716927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247687490001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2716927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27499764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/652c86cb-a6c1-440b-802a-f521fbdccc18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021816534&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Miao , H , Chen , G , Li , C , Dong , Z Y &amp; Wong , K P 2018 , ' Operating Expense Optimization for EVs in Multiple Depots and Charge Stations Environment Using Evolutionary Heuristic Method ' , IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 9 , no. 6 , 7953580 , pp. 6599-6611 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2716927","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vitalprd00.priv:uon:36162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1410316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196612","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27499764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1160100008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71501017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366242418","display_name":"Structural Vulnerability Analysis, Reinforcement and Defence for Smart Grid","funder_award_id":"DE160100675","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1652342262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007DA10512714401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","funder_display_name":"Chongqing University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1429802841","https://openalex.org/W1481383458","https://openalex.org/W1612338571","https://openalex.org/W1968686257","https://openalex.org/W1969801327","https://openalex.org/W1989886692","https://openalex.org/W1990728395","https://openalex.org/W2007423183","https://openalex.org/W2026904884","https://openalex.org/W2039008359","https://openalex.org/W2052614107","https://openalex.org/W2061373443","https://openalex.org/W2077537699","https://openalex.org/W2092673054","https://openalex.org/W2105439246","https://openalex.org/W2115594466","https://openalex.org/W2117685617","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2159525014","https://openalex.org/W2161521384","https://openalex.org/W2162593703","https://openalex.org/W2273673040","https://openalex.org/W2327394039","https://openalex.org/W2337079665","https://openalex.org/W2344545089","https://openalex.org/W2502010948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4247364272","https://openalex.org/W3133151256","https://openalex.org/W2157331354","https://openalex.org/W2132920749","https://openalex.org/W2101108574","https://openalex.org/W2626773395","https://openalex.org/W2017649536","https://openalex.org/W1990067406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41,81,104],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"operating":[4,70],"cost":[5,71],"optimization":[6,61],"problem":[7,167],"of":[8,72,121,150],"electric":[9],"vehicles":[10],"(EVs)":[11],"is":[12,26,64,92,114,138,156],"studied":[13],"in":[14],"a":[15,29,56,85,108,133],"large-scale":[16],"logistics":[17],"and":[18,32,154],"transportation":[19],"network.":[20],"An":[21],"extended":[22],"EV":[23,74,123],"operational":[24],"model":[25],"proposed":[27,43,50,139,152],"for":[28,125],"multiple":[30],"depots":[31],"charge":[33],"stations":[34],"environment":[35],"where":[36,162],"practical":[37,46],"constraints":[38],"are":[39,49,169],"included.":[40],"the":[42,53,68,73,79,82,96,105,118,122,131,142,146,151,163],"model,":[44],"new":[45,57,109],"mathematical":[47],"schemes":[48],"to":[51,66,94,116,140],"describe":[52],"constraints.":[54,80],"Then,":[55],"two-step":[58],"clustering":[59],"heuristic":[60,87,112],"(TCHO)":[62],"method":[63,113],"developed":[65,115],"minimize":[67,117],"total":[69,119],"routes":[75,124],"while":[76],"satisfying":[77],"all":[78],"first":[83],"step,":[84,107],"novel":[86,134],"edge":[88],"sharing":[89],"assigning":[90],"algorithm":[91],"designed":[93],"split":[95],"large":[97],"scale":[98],"logistic":[99],"network":[100],"into":[101],"different":[102],"clusters.":[103],"second":[106],"shortest":[110],"path":[111],"expense":[120],"each":[126],"cluster.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130,144],"TCHO,":[132],"discrete":[135],"differential":[136],"evolution-TCHO":[137],"improve":[141],"performance":[143],"solving":[145],"problem.":[147],"The":[148],"effectiveness":[149],"models":[153],"methods":[155],"verified":[157],"by":[158],"comprehensive":[159],"numerical":[160],"simulations":[161],"well-known":[164],"vehicle":[165],"routing":[166],"benchmarks":[168],"applied.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
