{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588734850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","title":"OCPP Protocol: Security Threats and Challenges","display_name":"OCPP Protocol: Security Threats and Challenges","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588734850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","mag":"2588734850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067782544","display_name":"Cristina Alcaraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-3191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Alcaraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-3191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641212","display_name":"Javier L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-9991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013455841","display_name":"Stephen D. Wolthusen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["GB","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Wolthusen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","School of Mathematics and Information Security, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Information Security, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067782544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":156,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96637897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"2452","last_page":"2459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6513633131980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6304540634155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.630048930644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5814300775527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservation","display_name":"Reservation","score":0.5409499406814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5239536762237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4238757789134979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.37468433380126953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6513633131980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6304540634155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.630048930644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5814300775527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.5409499406814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5239536762237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4238757789134979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37468433380126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2669647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4524691192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PERSIST TIN2013-41739-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5216875556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SADCIP RTC-2016-4847-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193080484","https://openalex.org/W2013153475","https://openalex.org/W2018888020","https://openalex.org/W2057693510","https://openalex.org/W2065034491","https://openalex.org/W2098019984","https://openalex.org/W2152190235","https://openalex.org/W2174616550","https://openalex.org/W2274012241","https://openalex.org/W2294880110","https://openalex.org/W2325295752","https://openalex.org/W4205736829","https://openalex.org/W4244114771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893779165","https://openalex.org/W2017432143","https://openalex.org/W1973694374","https://openalex.org/W2983574358","https://openalex.org/W2370475531","https://openalex.org/W4385924768","https://openalex.org/W2379215383","https://openalex.org/W2271928667","https://openalex.org/W4256551238","https://openalex.org/W246884077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"benefit":[1],"postulated":[2],"for":[3],"the":[4,39,44,57,82,113,124,147,151],"adoption":[5],"of":[6,29,43,56,89,142,150,155],"electric":[7],"vehicles":[8],"(EVs)":[9],"is":[10,73],"their":[11],"ability":[12],"to":[13,87],"act":[14],"as":[15],"stabilizing":[16],"entities":[17],"in":[18,81,123,138],"smart":[19],"grids":[20],"through":[21],"bidirectional":[22],"charging,":[23],"allowing":[24],"local":[25],"or":[26,78,128,140,146],"global":[27],"smoothing":[28],"peaks":[30],"and":[31,41,68,101,153],"imbalances.":[32],"This":[33],"benefit,":[34],"however,":[35],"hinges":[36],"indirectly":[37],"on":[38,104],"reliability":[40],"security":[42,54],"power":[45,90,143,156],"flows":[46],"thus":[47],"achieved.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"this":[50],"paper":[51],"studies":[52],"key":[53],"properties":[55],"already-deployed":[58],"Open":[59],"Charge":[60],"Point":[61],"Protocol":[62],"specifying":[63],"communication":[64],"between":[65],"charging":[66],"points":[67],"energy":[69,126],"management":[70],"systems.":[71],"It":[72],"argued":[74],"that":[75,106],"possible":[76],"subversion":[77],"malicious":[79],"endpoints":[80],"protocol":[83],"can":[84],"also":[85,117],"lead":[86],"destabilization":[88],"networks.":[91,157],"While":[92],"reviewing":[93],"these":[94],"aspects,":[95],"we":[96],"focus,":[97],"from":[98],"a":[99,121],"theoretical":[100],"practical":[102],"standpoint,":[103],"attacks":[105,131],"interfere":[107],"with":[108,112],"resource":[109],"reservation":[110],"originating":[111],"EV,":[114],"which":[115],"may":[116,132],"be":[118,134],"initiated":[119],"by":[120],"man":[122],"middle,":[125],"theft,":[127],"fraud.":[129],"Such":[130],"even":[133],"replicated":[135],"widely,":[136],"resulting":[137],"over-":[139],"under-shooting":[141],"network":[144],"provisioning,":[145],"(total/partial)":[148],"disintegration":[149],"integrity":[152],"stability":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
