{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2575868404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","title":"Voltage-Based Protection Scheme for Faults Within Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Arrays","display_name":"Voltage-Based Protection Scheme for Faults Within Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Arrays","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2575868404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","mag":"2575868404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013146150","display_name":"Khaled A. Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-7021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaled A. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077687467","display_name":"Ali Hooshyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-7784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hooshyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020667524","display_name":"Ehab F. El\u2010Saadany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab F. El-Saadany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021263540","display_name":"Hatem Zeineldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-1260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatem H. Zeineldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013146150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84611406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"4367","last_page":"4382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7758558392524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6529953479766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5610849261283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5586498379707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5470793843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49442505836486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48996344208717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4859532117843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39889591932296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3535943031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3499806523323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.33927929401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.28762906789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1263551115989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08139556646347046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7758558392524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6529953479766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5610849261283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5586498379707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5470793843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49442505836486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48996344208717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4859532117843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39889591932296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3535943031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3499806523323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.33927929401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28762906789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1263551115989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08139556646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2655444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515333057","https://openalex.org/W1675666378","https://openalex.org/W1967162881","https://openalex.org/W2010599085","https://openalex.org/W2039037272","https://openalex.org/W2046714212","https://openalex.org/W2051730619","https://openalex.org/W2060976371","https://openalex.org/W2096991872","https://openalex.org/W2105734873","https://openalex.org/W2106642194","https://openalex.org/W2114071783","https://openalex.org/W2115659087","https://openalex.org/W2134918040","https://openalex.org/W2153989565","https://openalex.org/W2162589847","https://openalex.org/W2171674840","https://openalex.org/W2176042386","https://openalex.org/W2185741246","https://openalex.org/W2282466507","https://openalex.org/W2347797181","https://openalex.org/W2471159162","https://openalex.org/W2525559770","https://openalex.org/W4235109379","https://openalex.org/W6685194814","https://openalex.org/W6720248426","https://openalex.org/W6960042734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W1525643724","https://openalex.org/W2067938758","https://openalex.org/W2382623646","https://openalex.org/W3087771547","https://openalex.org/W4377990799","https://openalex.org/W4229522317","https://openalex.org/W3203837912","https://openalex.org/W2922470602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Permanent":[0],"power":[1],"loss":[2],"and":[3,29,33,48,67,71,111,120],"major":[4],"catastrophic":[5],"failures":[6],"are":[7],"among":[8],"the":[9,46,80,95,115],"potential":[10],"consequences":[11],"of":[12,51,57,79,104],"undetected":[13],"faults":[14,35],"within":[15],"photovoltaic":[16],"(PV)":[17],"arrays.":[18,39],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"proposes":[21],"a":[22,105],"voltage-based":[23],"protection":[24,41],"scheme":[25,42],"that":[26],"detects,":[27],"classifies,":[28],"locates":[30],"string-to-ground,":[31],"string-to-string,":[32],"open-circuit":[34],"in":[36],"utility-scale":[37,87],"PV":[38,89,108],"The":[40,77],"operates":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45,85,100],"magnitude":[47],"wave-shape":[49],"properties":[50],"voltage":[52],"signals.":[53],"Some":[54],"salient":[55],"features":[56],"this":[58],"method":[59,97],"include":[60],"its":[61,72],"capability":[62],"to":[63],"distinguish":[64],"between":[65],"fault":[66],"partial":[68],"shading":[69],"conditions,":[70],"independence":[73],"from":[74],"meteorological":[75],"data.":[76],"performance":[78],"proposed":[81,96],"approach":[82],"is":[83,98],"assessed":[84],"two":[86],"grounded":[88],"arrays":[90],"under":[91],"various":[92],"conditions.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"tested":[99],"an":[101],"experimental":[102,112],"setup":[103],"small":[106],"grid-connected":[107],"array.":[109],"Simulation":[110],"results":[113],"verify":[114],"scheme's":[116],"accuracy,":[117],"high":[118],"speed,":[119],"scalability.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
