{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2381162371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","title":"Power System Structural Vulnerability Assessment Based on an Improved Maximum Flow Approach","display_name":"Power System Structural Vulnerability Assessment Based on an Improved Maximum Flow Approach","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2381162371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","mag":"2381162371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027757534","display_name":"Jiakun Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiakun Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111176508","display_name":"Chi Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457678","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705863","display_name":"Haishun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-9571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haishun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088326891","display_name":"Per Lund","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133958730","display_name":"Energinet (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/054fn8673","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133958730"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Lund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energinet.dk, Fredericia, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energinet.dk, Fredericia, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133958730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027757534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98989926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"777","last_page":"785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.6412566900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6293502449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5915029644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.5252551436424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5082618594169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-flow","display_name":"Power flow","score":0.5070340633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4948965907096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.49076709151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4829680025577545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48112598061561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4193441867828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.41652822494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.4147057831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transmission","display_name":"Power transmission","score":0.4137135446071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3703828454017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.31276753544807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15314143896102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15164437890052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13169339299201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10040256381034851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.6412566900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6293502449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5915029644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.5252551436424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5082618594169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.5070340633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4948965907096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.49076709151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4829680025577545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48112598061561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4193441867828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41652822494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.4147057831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.4137135446071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3703828454017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31276753544807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15314143896102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15164437890052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13169339299201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10040256381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2565619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d1e59a39-c4a4-4d7f-b769-c7d456f407c6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/d1e59a39-c4a4-4d7f-b769-c7d456f407c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fang , J , Su , C , Chen , Z , Sun , H & Lund , P 2018 , ' Power System Structural Vulnerability Assessment based on an Improved Maximum Flow Approach ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 9 , no. 2 , pp. 777 - 785 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2565619","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567268701","https://openalex.org/W1965424194","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W1968686485","https://openalex.org/W1970115183","https://openalex.org/W1987314021","https://openalex.org/W1995724150","https://openalex.org/W1996774007","https://openalex.org/W2002531683","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2037027777","https://openalex.org/W2045950406","https://openalex.org/W2047232486","https://openalex.org/W2052444112","https://openalex.org/W2055034347","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2075542919","https://openalex.org/W2084426671","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2112949599","https://openalex.org/W2120483528","https://openalex.org/W2136954033","https://openalex.org/W2138615297","https://openalex.org/W2140193829","https://openalex.org/W2142141971","https://openalex.org/W2145742480","https://openalex.org/W2148534455","https://openalex.org/W2149342630","https://openalex.org/W2155202145","https://openalex.org/W2155742919","https://openalex.org/W2159863842","https://openalex.org/W2171453827","https://openalex.org/W2171590707","https://openalex.org/W2278710066","https://openalex.org/W2764573849","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4213060883","https://openalex.org/W4244585506","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4250857377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194863767","https://openalex.org/W3204651252","https://openalex.org/W2106365068","https://openalex.org/W2379557669","https://openalex.org/W4205327869","https://openalex.org/W4301211888","https://openalex.org/W2951870518","https://openalex.org/W4379984118","https://openalex.org/W2044566076","https://openalex.org/W2340502785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,9,27,47,62,88,96,115,121,129,138,147,154,157,165,169],"increasing":[2],"complexity":[3],"of":[4,57,156],"power":[6,28,63,141],"grid":[7],"and":[8,22,76,92,162],"concerns":[10],"on":[11],"major":[12,59],"blackouts,":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15,65,99,135],"an":[16,20,102],"urgent":[17],"need":[18],"for":[19,109],"efficient":[21],"effective":[23],"tool":[24],"to":[25,45,100],"assess":[26],"system":[29,170],"structural":[30],"vulnerability.":[31],"To":[32],"tackle":[33],"this":[34,36],"challenge,":[35],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"a":[39,51,68],"maximum":[40,104],"flow-based":[41,105],"complex":[42,106],"network":[43,64,107,116,148],"approach":[44,108],"identify":[46],"critical":[48,82],"lines":[49,145],"in":[50,114,146],"system.":[52,142],"The":[53,81,132,143],"proposed":[54,133],"method":[55,134,158],"consists":[56],"two":[58],"steps.":[60],"First,":[61],"modeled":[66],"as":[67],"graph":[69],"with":[70,164],"edges":[71],"(transmission":[72],"lines,":[73],"transformers,":[74],"etc.)":[75],"nodes":[77],"(buses,":[78],"substations,":[79],"etc.).":[80],"scenarios":[83],"are":[84,117,149],"identified":[85],"by":[86,159],"using":[87,137],"principal":[89],"component":[90],"analysis":[91],"convex":[93],"hull.":[94],"Then":[95],"second":[97],"step":[98],"use":[101],"improved":[103],"topology":[110],"analysis.":[111],"Weighted":[112],"vertices":[113],"considered,":[118],"enabling":[119],"taking":[120],"selected":[122],"operating":[123],"conditions":[124],"into":[125],"consideration":[126],"when":[127],"identifying":[128],"vulnerable":[130,144],"lines.":[131],"validated":[136],"western":[139],"Danish":[140],"ranked.":[150],"Simulation":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"intentional":[160],"attacks":[161],"comparison":[163],"planning":[166],"strategy":[167],"from":[168],"operator.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}