{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2211350174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","title":"Improving Frequency Stability Based on Distributed Control of Multiple Load Aggregators","display_name":"Improving Frequency Stability Based on Distributed Control of Multiple Load Aggregators","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2211350174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","mag":"2211350174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/220404248/TSG_00338_2015R2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054542842","display_name":"Jianqiang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-887X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017808266","display_name":"Jinde Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinde Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Research Center for Complex Systems and Network Sciences and the Department of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Complex Systems and Network Sciences and the Department of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072189850","display_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-4592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103718994","display_name":"Taiyou Yong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyou Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101970581","display_name":"Jie Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98608929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"1553","last_page":"1567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7189814448356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5872137546539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5822069048881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.5733979940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.525732159614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5082382559776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5046097040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4703757166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.4398331046104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4280078411102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4044608175754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.36692529916763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27622318267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13919520378112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12045049667358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09673672914505005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7189814448356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5872137546539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5822069048881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.5733979940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.525732159614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5082382559776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5046097040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4703757166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4398331046104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4280078411102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4044608175754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36692529916763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27622318267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13919520378112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12045049667358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09673672914505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/27ce8eff-45aa-4c37-a5c9-71961adeeb86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/27ce8eff-45aa-4c37-a5c9-71961adeeb86","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/220404248/TSG_00338_2015R2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hu , J , Cao , J , Guerrero , J M , Yong , T &amp; Yu , J 2017 , ' Improving Frequency Stability Based on Distributed Control of Multiple Load Aggregators ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 8 , no. 4 , pp. 1553 - 1567 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2491340","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/27ce8eff-45aa-4c37-a5c9-71961adeeb86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/27ce8eff-45aa-4c37-a5c9-71961adeeb86","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/220404248/TSG_00338_2015R2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hu , J , Cao , J , Guerrero , J M , Yong , T &amp; Yu , J 2017 , ' Improving Frequency Stability Based on Distributed Control of Multiple Load Aggregators ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 8 , no. 4 , pp. 1553 - 1567 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2491340","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1588695915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRA2015286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1653526211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YBJJ1448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","funder_display_name":"Southeast University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2471889311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4064880509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4906571035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRA2015286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8228501484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2211350174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2211350174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520003103","https://openalex.org/W1534096605","https://openalex.org/W1868559974","https://openalex.org/W1965195954","https://openalex.org/W1989950989","https://openalex.org/W1993362534","https://openalex.org/W1993507197","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2000806524","https://openalex.org/W2008575428","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2014131339","https://openalex.org/W2028464759","https://openalex.org/W2036548349","https://openalex.org/W2039008359","https://openalex.org/W2040337381","https://openalex.org/W2052334067","https://openalex.org/W2052545585","https://openalex.org/W2065313971","https://openalex.org/W2082683363","https://openalex.org/W2090359259","https://openalex.org/W2096501032","https://openalex.org/W2097345808","https://openalex.org/W2097787440","https://openalex.org/W2122032342","https://openalex.org/W2136870181","https://openalex.org/W2142534131","https://openalex.org/W2144689554","https://openalex.org/W2146689117","https://openalex.org/W2152691316","https://openalex.org/W2164961065","https://openalex.org/W2167871637","https://openalex.org/W2175195964","https://openalex.org/W2313493060","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W3195133498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104973077","https://openalex.org/W2331465608","https://openalex.org/W1973248937","https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W4312928176","https://openalex.org/W2004081218","https://openalex.org/W2907973261","https://openalex.org/W4389401283","https://openalex.org/W4386458795","https://openalex.org/W2965502382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,54,76,96,100,106,109,115,119,127,139,150,168,176,190,193],"power":[2,19,152],"demand":[3,27],"side,":[4],"responsive":[5,39],"loads":[6],"can":[7,171],"provide":[8,42],"fast":[9],"regulation":[10,44,71],"and":[11,65,78,164,167],"ancillary":[12],"services":[13],"as":[14],"reserve":[15],"capacities":[16],"in":[17,57,99,154],"interconnected":[18],"systems.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"presents":[23],"a":[24,47,61,82,89],"distributed":[25,120,177],"pinning":[26,121,178],"side":[28],"control":[29,97,133,143,156,197],"(DSC)":[30],"strategy":[31],"for":[32,53,180],"coordinating":[33],"multiple":[34,66],"load":[35,55,67,86,165,181],"aggregators,":[36,166],"i.e.,":[37],"aggregated":[38],"loads,":[40],"to":[41,94,188],"frequency":[43,142,170,196],"services.":[45],"Specifically,":[46],"leader-following":[48],"communication":[49],"protocol":[50],"is":[51,60,73,92,124,158],"considered":[52],"aggregators":[56,68],"which":[58,102,136],"there":[59],"centralized":[62,129],"pinner":[63,77],"(leader)":[64],"(followers).":[69],"The":[70],"objective":[72],"generated":[74],"from":[75],"only":[79,104],"shared":[80,159],"with":[81,160],"small":[83],"fraction":[84],"of":[85,108,192],"aggregators.":[87,182],"Moreover,":[88],"multi-step":[90],"algorithm":[91,123],"proposed":[93,194],"determine":[95],"gains":[98],"DSC,":[101],"not":[103],"guarantees":[105],"stability":[107],"close-loop":[110],"system,":[111],"but":[112],"also":[113],"restrains":[114],"plant":[116],"disturbance.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"DSC":[122,179],"integrated":[125],"into":[126],"traditional":[128],"proportional-integral-based":[130],"automatic":[131],"generation":[132],"(AGC)":[134],"framework,":[135],"has":[137,146],"formed":[138],"coupled":[140,195],"secondary":[141],"structure.":[144],"It":[145],"been":[147],"shown":[148],"that":[149],"total":[151],"mismatch":[153],"each":[155],"area":[157],"both":[161],"AGC":[162],"units":[163],"system":[169],"be":[172],"improved":[173],"by":[174],"considering":[175],"Finally,":[183],"simulation":[184],"results":[185],"are":[186],"provided":[187],"demonstrate":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"strategy.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
