{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2339095789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","title":"RAC: Reconfiguration-Assisted Charging in Large-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery Systems","display_name":"RAC: Reconfiguration-Assisted Charging in Large-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery Systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2339095789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","mag":"2339095789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745391","display_name":"Liang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072308822","display_name":"Linghe Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghe Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048851334","display_name":"Siyu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-2091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006895234","display_name":"Shaodong Ying","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaodong Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073857502","display_name":"Yu Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156936","display_name":"IBM Research - Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjbbg60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jason Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038811034","display_name":"Tian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331611","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-468X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100745391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91328358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1420","last_page":"1429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.7853285074234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.7117601037025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6540160775184631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6371970176696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trickle-charging","display_name":"Trickle charging","score":0.5413951277732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.5357422232627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.535374104976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5046466588973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-battery","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","score":0.49238646030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-battery","display_name":"Automotive battery","score":0.42823526263237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-cell","display_name":"Primary cell","score":0.4230262041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4216669499874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41859686374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26612627506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17120960354804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15721631050109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell","display_name":"Cell","score":0.14270317554473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12471184134483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07343783974647522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.7853285074234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.7117601037025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6540160775184631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6371970176696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31419778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350726","display_name":"Trickle charging","level":4,"score":0.5413951277732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.5357422232627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.535374104976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5046466588973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2822895","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","level":4,"score":0.49238646030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45811908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902054","display_name":"Automotive battery","level":4,"score":0.42823526263237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147905033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378887","display_name":"Primary cell","level":3,"score":0.4230262041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4216669499874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41859686374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26612627506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17120960354804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15721631050109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.14270317554473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12471184134483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07343783974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2450727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1626130668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1334202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4409558963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61303202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5282241082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014M560334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8120709862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015RC032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628349452","https://openalex.org/W649612955","https://openalex.org/W1521533637","https://openalex.org/W1964119857","https://openalex.org/W1968924899","https://openalex.org/W1987051995","https://openalex.org/W2018192294","https://openalex.org/W2031072676","https://openalex.org/W2057052228","https://openalex.org/W2068283977","https://openalex.org/W2097521357","https://openalex.org/W2099318468","https://openalex.org/W2099439216","https://openalex.org/W2121459864","https://openalex.org/W2136562688","https://openalex.org/W2148230671","https://openalex.org/W2157529519","https://openalex.org/W2158701335","https://openalex.org/W2161138491","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4372046852","https://openalex.org/W6680034921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013140317","https://openalex.org/W1930038136","https://openalex.org/W4380435065","https://openalex.org/W4310255293","https://openalex.org/W2377043868","https://openalex.org/W4376621818","https://openalex.org/W2132623233","https://openalex.org/W2374446902","https://openalex.org/W2054409781","https://openalex.org/W4385954201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"lithium-ion":[1],"battery":[2,33,59,97],"packs":[3],"are":[4,75,128],"widely":[5],"adopted":[6],"in":[7,16,31,95,125,141,148],"systems":[8],"such":[9,22,39],"as":[10,23,40,50],"electric":[11],"vehicles":[12],"and":[13,26,135,172,189],"energy":[14],"backup":[15],"power":[17],"grids.":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,81,102,106,131,157],"factors":[21],"manufacturing":[24],"difference":[25],"heterogeneous":[27],"discharging":[28],"conditions,":[29],"cells":[30,74,124,147,159,185],"the":[32,51,56,61,69,93,108,119,126,136,178,181],"pack":[34],"may":[35],"have":[36],"different":[37,82],"statuses,":[38],"diverse":[41],"voltage":[42],"levels.":[43],"This":[44],"cell":[45,52,62,111],"diversity":[46],"is":[47,139,155],"commonly":[48],"known":[49],"imbalance":[53,63,112],"issue.":[54],"For":[55],"charging":[57,70,84,116,122,137,163],"of":[58,110],"packs,":[60],"not":[64],"only":[65],"early":[66],"on":[67,92,113],"terminates":[68],"process":[71,138],"before":[72],"all":[73],"fully":[76],"charged,":[77],"but":[78],"also":[79],"leads":[80],"desired":[83,162],"currents":[85],"among":[86],"cells.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"based":[91],"advancement":[94],"reconfigurable":[96],"systems,":[98],"we":[99],"demonstrate":[100,176],"how":[101],"utilize":[103],"system":[104,127],"reconfigurability":[105],"mitigate":[107],"impact":[109],"an":[114],"efficient":[115],"process.":[117],"With":[118],"proposed":[120],"reconfiguration-assisted":[121],"(RAC),":[123],"categorized":[129],"according":[130],"their":[132,161],"real-time":[133],"voltages,":[134],"performed":[140],"a":[142,149,152,191],"category-by-category":[143],"manner.":[144],"To":[145],"charge":[146,158],"given":[150],"category,":[151],"graph-based":[153],"algorithm":[154],"presented":[156],"with":[160],"currents,":[164],"respectively.":[165],"We":[166],"evaluate":[167],"RAC":[168,179],"through":[169],"both":[170],"experiments":[171],"simulations.":[173],"The":[174],"results":[175],"that":[177],"increases":[180],"capacity":[182],"charged":[183],"into":[184],"by":[186],"about":[187],"25%":[188],"yields":[190],"dramatically":[192],"reduced":[193],"variance.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
