{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527129049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","title":"On Normality Assumption in Residual Simulation for Probabilistic Load Forecasting","display_name":"On Normality Assumption in Residual Simulation for Probabilistic Load Forecasting","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527129049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","mag":"2527129049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061034744","display_name":"Jingrui Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingrui Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Production and Infrastructure Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Production and Infrastructure Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083607419","display_name":"Tao Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Production and Infrastructure Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Production and Infrastructure Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025379914","display_name":"Thomas D. Laing","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Laing","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Association of Electric Cooperatives, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Association of Electric Cooperatives, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447205","display_name":"Chongqing Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-8250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongqing Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96534456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"1046","last_page":"1053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-forecasting","display_name":"Probabilistic forecasting","score":0.8218692541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7785743474960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality","display_name":"Normality","score":0.7035993933677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6260156631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.548993706703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4360884428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.428352952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42050665616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-forecasting","display_name":"Wind power forecasting","score":0.4166216552257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4039071202278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3635546565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23806753754615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23801708221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19106769561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16538342833518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1430177390575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11198130249977112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122282355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246855","display_name":"Probabilistic forecasting","level":3,"score":0.8218692541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7785743474960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.7035993933677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6260156631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.548993706703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4360884428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.428352952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42050665616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781084341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583670","display_name":"Wind power forecasting","level":4,"score":0.4166216552257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4039071202278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3635546565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23806753754615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23801708221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19106769561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16538342833518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1430177390575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11198130249977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2447007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3191566720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLD14KZ03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","funder_display_name":"Tsinghua University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79427069","https://openalex.org/W1484221176","https://openalex.org/W1982739122","https://openalex.org/W1990701202","https://openalex.org/W1997626153","https://openalex.org/W2044186388","https://openalex.org/W2063668587","https://openalex.org/W2069722134","https://openalex.org/W2081770709","https://openalex.org/W2099271915","https://openalex.org/W2109894988","https://openalex.org/W2118471377","https://openalex.org/W2126603600","https://openalex.org/W2129651074","https://openalex.org/W2151767444","https://openalex.org/W2158238776","https://openalex.org/W2158271991","https://openalex.org/W2159613153","https://openalex.org/W2168138569","https://openalex.org/W2239598988","https://openalex.org/W2275088575","https://openalex.org/W3126081667","https://openalex.org/W6603182422","https://openalex.org/W6629026822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885078783","https://openalex.org/W3125211436","https://openalex.org/W2804705402","https://openalex.org/W2321107782","https://openalex.org/W3133386668","https://openalex.org/W2613711905","https://openalex.org/W2312482938","https://openalex.org/W2114471530","https://openalex.org/W2182806068","https://openalex.org/W3208378720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grid":[0],"modernization":[1],"has":[2,45,66],"brought":[3],"in":[4,171],"various":[5],"types":[6],"of":[7,62,73,94,118,136,152,186],"active":[8],"demand,":[9],"and":[10,12,23,30,145,168,174],"intermittent":[11],"distributed":[13],"generation":[14,167],"resources":[15],"to":[16,51,96,107,132],"challenge":[17],"the":[18,56,59,86,111,116,128,150,172,175,181,187],"traditional":[19],"power":[20],"system":[21],"planning":[22],"operation":[24],"practices.":[25],"As":[26],"a":[27,90,124,134,165],"result,":[28],"more":[29,31],"decision":[32],"making":[33],"processes":[34],"rely":[35],"on":[36,58,70,162,178],"probabilistic":[37,53,63,119,137,182],"forecasts":[38,139],"as":[39,48,78],"an":[40],"input.":[41],"While":[42],"residual":[43],"simulation":[44],"been":[46,67],"recognized":[47],"one":[49,160],"way":[50],"generate":[52],"load":[54,64,74,120,138,183],"forecasts,":[55],"research":[57],"application":[60],"side":[61],"forecasting":[65,75,184],"heavily":[68],"relying":[69],"unverified":[71],"distributions":[72],"residuals,":[76],"such":[77],"normal":[79],"distribution.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,105,155],"study":[85],"normality":[87,112],"assumption":[88,113],"from":[89,141,164,180],"different":[91,142],"angle.":[92],"Instead":[93],"trying":[95],"prove":[97],"or":[98],"disprove":[99],"its":[100],"validity":[101],"via":[102],"hypothesis":[103],"tests,":[104],"attempt":[106],"understand":[108],"whether":[109],"applying":[110],"helps":[114],"improve":[115],"quality":[117],"forecasts.":[121],"We":[122],"apply":[123],"proper":[125],"scoring":[126],"rule,":[127],"pinball":[129],"loss":[130],"function,":[131],"evaluate":[133],"set":[135],"developed":[140],"underlying":[143],"linear":[144],"nonlinear":[146],"models.":[147],"To":[148],"ensure":[149],"solidity":[151],"our":[153],"conclusion,":[154],"conduct":[156],"two":[157],"case":[158],"studies,":[159],"based":[161,177],"data":[163,179],"large":[166],"transmission":[169],"cooperative":[170],"U.S.,":[173],"other":[176],"track":[185],"Global":[188],"Energy":[189],"Forecasting":[190],"Competition":[191],"2014.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
