{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1943613348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","title":"Tertiary and Secondary Control Levels for Efficiency Optimization and System Damping in Droop Controlled DC\u2013DC Converters","display_name":"Tertiary and Secondary Control Levels for Efficiency Optimization and System Damping in Droop Controlled DC\u2013DC Converters","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1943613348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","mag":"1943613348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/212730201/TCEO_SCSD_TSG_05172015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051324423","display_name":"Lexuan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lexuan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176748","display_name":"Tomislav Dragi\u010devi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Dragicevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044175190","display_name":"Juan C. V\u00e1squez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. Vasquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072189850","display_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[\u2020Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051324423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2465,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9853593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"2615","last_page":"2626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.9145020842552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8687790632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6566606163978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3634222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3401809334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3381059467792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33033323287963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3133602738380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31093791127204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.2672184109687805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.9145020842552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8687790632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6566606163978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3634222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3401809334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3381059467792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33033323287963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3133602738380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31093791127204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.2672184109687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2435055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/8df1317e-5ca5-4235-acf2-1e27a1927e63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/8df1317e-5ca5-4235-acf2-1e27a1927e63","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/212730201/TCEO_SCSD_TSG_05172015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meng , L , Dragicevic , T , Quintero , J C V &amp; Guerrero , J M 2015 , ' Tertiary and secondary control levels for efficiency optimization and system damping in droop controlled dc-dc converters ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 6 , no. 6 , pp. 2615 - 2626 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2435055","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/8df1317e-5ca5-4235-acf2-1e27a1927e63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/8df1317e-5ca5-4235-acf2-1e27a1927e63","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/212730201/TCEO_SCSD_TSG_05172015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meng , L , Dragicevic , T , Quintero , J C V &amp; Guerrero , J M 2015 , ' Tertiary and secondary control levels for efficiency optimization and system damping in droop controlled dc-dc converters ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 6 , no. 6 , pp. 2615 - 2626 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2435055","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1943613348.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484104892","https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1659127024","https://openalex.org/W1980187301","https://openalex.org/W1996413888","https://openalex.org/W2016777822","https://openalex.org/W2025011158","https://openalex.org/W2028569720","https://openalex.org/W2037346849","https://openalex.org/W2049127576","https://openalex.org/W2054684126","https://openalex.org/W2074307360","https://openalex.org/W2079444308","https://openalex.org/W2096217342","https://openalex.org/W2096281819","https://openalex.org/W2099506463","https://openalex.org/W2105449754","https://openalex.org/W2110862891","https://openalex.org/W2111919291","https://openalex.org/W2113229722","https://openalex.org/W2115004299","https://openalex.org/W2116183085","https://openalex.org/W2118174171","https://openalex.org/W2126098669","https://openalex.org/W2135478923","https://openalex.org/W2140356380","https://openalex.org/W2144951336","https://openalex.org/W2146251580","https://openalex.org/W2150333046","https://openalex.org/W2161852770","https://openalex.org/W2163028797","https://openalex.org/W2535015469","https://openalex.org/W6637230908","https://openalex.org/W6676658203","https://openalex.org/W6677771520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523432015","https://openalex.org/W2765340260","https://openalex.org/W2153130273","https://openalex.org/W3023710910","https://openalex.org/W2076823813","https://openalex.org/W3008686614","https://openalex.org/W2143080380","https://openalex.org/W1589163333","https://openalex.org/W2154984715","https://openalex.org/W2074272557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Droop":[0],"control":[1,8,52,104,131,167],"by":[2,114,163],"means":[3],"of":[4,33,65,151],"virtual":[5],"resistance":[6],"(VR)":[7],"loops":[9],"can":[10],"be":[11],"applied":[12,138],"to":[13,39,108,147],"paralleled":[14],"dc-dc":[15],"converters":[16],"for":[17,58,80,95,132,139],"achieving":[18,59],"autonomous":[19],"equal":[20,24],"power":[21,25,83],"sharing.":[22],"However,":[23,117],"sharing":[26,84],"does":[27],"not":[28],"guarantee":[29],"an":[30,55],"efficient":[31,60],"operation":[32],"the":[34,63,70,82,110,115,125,149,158,169],"whole":[35],"system.":[36],"In":[37,100],"order":[38],"achieve":[40],"higher":[41],"efficiency":[42,64,98,160],"and":[43,137,168],"lower":[44],"energy":[45],"losses,":[46],"this":[47,152],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,96,102,129],"tertiary":[51,165],"level":[53,105],"including":[54],"optimization":[56,166],"method":[57],"operation.":[61],"As":[62],"each":[66],"converter":[67],"changes":[68],"with":[69,175],"output":[71,111],"power,":[72],"VR":[73,126],"values":[74],"are":[75,145],"set":[76],"as":[77],"decision":[78],"variables":[79],"modifying":[81],"ratio":[85],"among":[86],"converters.":[87],"A":[88],"genetic":[89],"algorithm":[90],"is":[91,106,120,135,161,173],"used":[92],"in":[93],"searching":[94],"global":[97],"optimum.":[99],"addition,":[101],"secondary":[103,130,178],"added":[107],"regulate":[109],"voltage":[112],"drooped":[113],"VRs.":[116],"system":[118,133,141,159,176],"dynamics":[119],"affected":[121],"when":[122],"shifting":[123],"up/down":[124],"references.":[127],"Therefore,":[128],"damping":[134,177],"proposed":[136],"maintaining":[140],"stability.":[142],"Hardware-in-the-loop":[143],"simulations":[144],"conducted":[146],"validate":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"method.":[153],"The":[154],"results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157],"improved":[162],"using":[164],"desired":[170],"transient":[171],"response":[172],"ensured":[174],"control.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
