{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1531268834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","title":"Scalable Synchrophasors Communication Network Design and Implementation for Real-Time Distributed Generation Grid","display_name":"Scalable Synchrophasors Communication Network Design and Implementation for Real-Time Distributed Generation Grid","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1531268834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","mag":"1531268834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062830296","display_name":"Hamid Gharavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Gharavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Network Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Network Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101513623","display_name":"Bin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Network Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Network Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062830296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210167249"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97332993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"2539","last_page":"2550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6854423880577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6236459612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5773974061012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5099989175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4965844750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4557149410247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.4375723600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2623938322067261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6854423880577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6236459612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5773974061012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5099989175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4965844750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4557149410247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.4375723600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2623938322067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2424196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551433093","https://openalex.org/W1709613437","https://openalex.org/W1726571582","https://openalex.org/W1965030196","https://openalex.org/W1970705443","https://openalex.org/W2002348716","https://openalex.org/W2030374597","https://openalex.org/W2041821701","https://openalex.org/W2057991655","https://openalex.org/W2063092822","https://openalex.org/W2071942128","https://openalex.org/W2096786180","https://openalex.org/W2103622721","https://openalex.org/W2107584338","https://openalex.org/W2108713391","https://openalex.org/W2110807014","https://openalex.org/W2133691058","https://openalex.org/W2140094488","https://openalex.org/W2142441939","https://openalex.org/W2150773759","https://openalex.org/W2155833003","https://openalex.org/W2182847438","https://openalex.org/W2540646745","https://openalex.org/W4246404160","https://openalex.org/W6637740498","https://openalex.org/W6686096749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970444427","https://openalex.org/W2044993109","https://openalex.org/W2168083929","https://openalex.org/W2768554084","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1852113167","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W2155470929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1,189],"been":[2,190],"a":[3,25,48,60,70,102,152,194],"growing":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,16,20,80,94],"the":[7,45,56,62,81,86,91,141,146],"deployment":[8,33],"of":[9,34,47,58],"phasor":[10],"measurement":[11,43],"units":[12],"(PMUs)":[13],"not":[14],"only":[15],"high-voltage":[17],"transmission,":[18,82],"but":[19],"lower-voltage":[21],"distribution":[22,196],"systems.":[23],"For":[24],"distributed":[26],"generation":[27],"(DG)":[28],"grid,":[29],"this":[30,95],"would":[31,66],"require":[32],"PMUs":[35],"at":[36,140,177],"critical":[37],"locations,":[38],"which":[39],"implies":[40],"accurate":[41],"phase":[42],"with":[44],"support":[46,74,130],"low":[49],"delay,":[50],"highly":[51],"reliable":[52],"network":[53,72,105,112,154,207],"infrastructure.":[54],"In":[55,181],"absence":[57],"such":[59],"network,":[61],"most":[63],"cost-effective":[64],"solution":[65],"be":[67],"to":[68,73,98,110,165,192,204],"consider":[69],"wireless":[71,107],"centralized":[75],"control":[76,135,174],"for":[77,156,173],"situational":[78],"awareness":[79],"as":[83,85,168,170],"well":[84,169],"DG":[87],"grid":[88],"environment.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"main":[92],"objective":[93],"paper":[96],"is":[97,143,201],"design":[99],"and":[100,114,132,175],"implement":[101],"scalable":[103],"synchrophasor":[104],"using":[106],"LAN":[108],"technology":[109],"assess":[111],"performance":[113],"requirements":[115],"under":[116,209],"real-world":[117],"conditions.":[118,212],"To":[119],"achieve":[120],"this,":[121],"we":[122,160],"have":[123],"designed":[124,191],"an":[125,162,183],"emulation":[126],"platform":[127],"that":[128],"can":[129],"physical":[131],"medium":[133],"access":[134,205],"layers.":[136],"The":[137,199],"data":[138],"communication":[139],"application":[142],"based":[144],"on":[145],"IEEE":[147],"C37.118-2011-2":[148],"Standard.":[149],"By":[150],"considering":[151],"hierarchical":[153,179],"architecture":[155],"our":[157],"testbed":[158,200],"implementation,":[159],"propose":[161],"efficient":[163,184],"method":[164],"reduce":[166],"bandwidth,":[167],"provide":[171],"capabilities":[172],"management":[176],"each":[178],"level.":[180],"addition,":[182],"tree-based":[185],"multihop":[186],"routing":[187],"protocol":[188],"match":[193],"specific":[195],"feeder":[197],"structure.":[198],"then":[202],"used":[203],"different":[206],"configurations":[208],"various":[210],"test":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
