{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996219115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","title":"Adaptive Self-Adequate Microgrids Using Dynamic Boundaries","display_name":"Adaptive Self-Adequate Microgrids Using Dynamic Boundaries","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996219115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","mag":"1996219115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694319","display_name":"Mohammed E. Nassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-9761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed E. Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111310133","display_name":"M.M.A. Salama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. A. Salama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98219536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9250824451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.623020350933075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5586289167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5561305284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5534539222717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.550086498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.5060455203056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4973123371601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.485777884721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4766581654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4521201252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4236214756965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38727590441703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3830391764640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34968799352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31122446060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0881357491016388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07908818125724792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9250824451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.623020350933075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5586289167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5561305284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5534539222717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.550086498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.5060455203056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4973123371601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.485777884721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4766581654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4521201252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4236214756965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38727590441703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3830391764640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34968799352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31122446060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0881357491016388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07908818125724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2420115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8241082","https://openalex.org/W1974713052","https://openalex.org/W1975833767","https://openalex.org/W1989532482","https://openalex.org/W1996988516","https://openalex.org/W2004704209","https://openalex.org/W2033225140","https://openalex.org/W2057463125","https://openalex.org/W2059468498","https://openalex.org/W2073014224","https://openalex.org/W2074628584","https://openalex.org/W2076306265","https://openalex.org/W2080456921","https://openalex.org/W2101836934","https://openalex.org/W2117694563","https://openalex.org/W2125135194","https://openalex.org/W2134917918","https://openalex.org/W2161362625","https://openalex.org/W6600342774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355150740","https://openalex.org/W1570369983","https://openalex.org/W2906602677","https://openalex.org/W2051053503","https://openalex.org/W195896717","https://openalex.org/W3112588909","https://openalex.org/W1993958856","https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2136076430","https://openalex.org/W2353074559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intensive":[0],"research":[1,30],"is":[2,103],"being":[3],"directed":[4],"at":[5],"microgrids":[6,34,182],"because":[7],"of":[8,20,47,62,110,121,172,181,186],"their":[9,14],"numerous":[10],"benefits,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"ability":[15],"to":[16,114],"enhance":[17],"the":[18,45,60,79,106,157,162,169,173,179,184],"reliability":[19],"a":[21,40,63,89,129],"power":[22,80,138],"system":[23,81,149],"and":[24,74,108,123,128,136,155,190],"reduce":[25],"its":[26],"environmental":[27],"impact.":[28],"Past":[29],"has":[31,143,150],"focused":[32],"on":[33,105,140],"that":[35,50,93,132],"have":[36],"predefined":[37],"boundaries.":[38],"However,":[39],"recently":[41],"suggested":[42],"methodology":[43],"enables":[44],"determination":[46],"fictitious":[48,96],"boundaries":[49,71],"divide":[51],"existing":[52],"bulky":[53],"grids":[54],"into":[55],"smaller":[56],"microgrids,":[57,165],"thereby":[58],"facilitating":[59],"use":[61],"smart":[64],"grid":[65],"paradigm":[66],"in":[67,112,183],"large-scale":[68],"systems.":[69],"These":[70],"are":[72,126],"fixed":[73,163],"do":[75],"not":[76],"change":[77],"with":[78,161],"operating":[82],"conditions.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"new":[90],"microgrid":[91,175],"concept":[92,176],"incorporates":[94],"flexible":[95],"boundaries:":[97],"\u201cdynamic":[98],"microgrids.\u201d":[99],"The":[100,118,146],"proposed":[101,158],"method":[102],"based":[104,139],"allocation":[107],"coordination":[109],"agents":[111],"order":[113],"achieve":[115],"boundary":[116,164],"mobility.":[117],"stochastic":[119],"behavior":[120],"loads":[122,189],"renewable-based":[124],"generators":[125],"considered,":[127],"novel":[130],"model":[131],"represents":[133],"wind,":[134],"solar,":[135],"load":[137],"historical":[141],"data":[142],"been":[144,151],"developed.":[145],"PG&E":[147],"69-bus":[148],"used":[152],"for":[153,177],"testing":[154],"validating":[156],"concept.":[159],"Compared":[160],"our":[166],"results":[167],"show":[168],"superior":[170],"effectiveness":[171],"dynamic":[174],"addressing":[178],"self-adequacy":[180],"presence":[185],"stochastically":[187],"varying":[188],"generation.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
