{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058559708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","title":"Impact of Disturbances on Modeling of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Demand Response","display_name":"Impact of Disturbances on Modeling of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Demand Response","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058559708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","mag":"2058559708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101486419","display_name":"Emre Can Kara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-5118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emre C. Kara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Grid Integration Group, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Grid Integration Group, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064458775","display_name":"Mario Berg\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-9236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Berges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029570783","display_name":"Gabriela Hug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Hug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101486419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90377139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"2560","last_page":"2568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.6269932985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.509931206703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5031003355979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lti-system-theory","display_name":"LTI system theory","score":0.47400104999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4380275011062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4135197103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32032859325408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3013307452201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.24271848797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21538200974464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21334999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20209631323814392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.6269932985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.509931206703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5031003355979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87698059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1808960","display_name":"LTI system theory","level":3,"score":0.47400104999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4380275011062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4135197103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32032859325408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3013307452201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.24271848797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21538200974464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21334999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20209631323814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2406316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8378920014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CW267299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307760","funder_display_name":"Hewlett-Packard Development Company"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307760","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard Development Company","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321012","display_name":"Technische Universiteit Delft","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338292","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544134798","https://openalex.org/W1969287662","https://openalex.org/W1995696058","https://openalex.org/W1999913837","https://openalex.org/W2002199046","https://openalex.org/W2006146381","https://openalex.org/W2009022268","https://openalex.org/W2010029789","https://openalex.org/W2012562405","https://openalex.org/W2028949172","https://openalex.org/W2039657905","https://openalex.org/W2069090512","https://openalex.org/W2098397627","https://openalex.org/W2118896162","https://openalex.org/W2132990234","https://openalex.org/W2142402468","https://openalex.org/W2164961065","https://openalex.org/W2174209625","https://openalex.org/W2181681996","https://openalex.org/W2785104903","https://openalex.org/W3102056532","https://openalex.org/W4295133250","https://openalex.org/W6632679834","https://openalex.org/W6650935103","https://openalex.org/W6748084029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555175041","https://openalex.org/W2032085210","https://openalex.org/W4392752943","https://openalex.org/W2389561653","https://openalex.org/W2052188148","https://openalex.org/W4239205706","https://openalex.org/W4239297229","https://openalex.org/W3166575991","https://openalex.org/W4205710825","https://openalex.org/W3009668591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aggregations":[0],"of":[1,19,26,39,77,84,99,157,166,176],"thermostatically":[2],"controlled":[3],"loads":[4],"(TCLs)":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"shown":[8],"to":[9,51,64,74,88,95,108],"hold":[10],"promise":[11],"as":[12],"demand":[13],"response":[14],"resources.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,34,40,42,49,82,85,116,138,143,147,155,161,177,187,192],"evaluation":[18],"these":[20,78,106],"promises":[21],"has":[22],"relied":[23],"on":[24],"simulations":[25],"individual":[27,46,66,167],"TCLs":[28,47],"that":[29,124,154],"make":[30],"important":[31],"assumptions":[32,79,159],"about":[33,160],"thermal":[35],"dynamics":[36],"and":[37,48,80,104,141,163,180],"properties":[38,165],"loads,":[41],"end-user's":[43],"interactions":[44],"with":[45,146],"disturbances":[50,162],"their":[52],"operation.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55,183],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,91,136],"first":[58],"propose":[59],"a":[60,96,121,127,173],"data-driven":[61],"modeling":[62],"strategy":[63,145],"simulate":[65],"TCLs-specifically,":[67],"household":[68],"refrigeration":[69],"units":[70],"(HRUs)-that":[71],"allows":[72],"us":[73],"relax":[75],"some":[76],"evaluate":[81,142],"validity":[83],"approaches":[86],"proposed":[87,144,188],"date.":[89],"Specifically,":[90],"fit":[92],"probability":[93],"distributions":[94],"year-long":[97],"dataset":[98],"power":[100],"measurements":[101],"for":[102],"HRUs":[103,168],"use":[105],"models":[107],"create":[109],"more":[110,128,148],"realistic":[111,149],"simulations.":[112],"We":[113],"then":[114],"derive":[115],"aggregate":[117],"system":[118,190],"equations":[119],"using":[120],"bottom-up":[122],"approach":[123],"results":[125,152],"in":[126],"flexible":[129],"[linear":[130],"time":[131],"invariant":[132],"(LTI)]":[133],"system.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"quantify":[137],"plant-model":[139,193],"mismatch":[140],"simulation.":[150],"Our":[151],"show":[153],"effects":[156],"invalid":[158],"time-invariant":[164],"may":[169],"be":[170],"mitigated":[171],"by":[172],"faster":[174],"sampling":[175],"state":[178],"variables":[179],"that,":[181],"when":[182],"is":[184],"not":[185],"possible,":[186],"LTI":[189],"reduces":[191],"mismatch.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
