{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080978820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","title":"Segmentation and Classification of Commercial Building Occupants by Energy-Use Efficiency and Predictability","display_name":"Segmentation and Classification of Commercial Building Occupants by Energy-Use Efficiency and Predictability","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080978820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","mag":"2080978820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066211530","display_name":"Rimas Gulbinas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149000","display_name":"Jacobs Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04c00sd86","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rimas Gulbinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jacobs Cornell-Technion Institute, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jacobs Cornell-Technion Institute, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149000","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009179248","display_name":"Ardalan Khosrowpour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardalan Khosrowpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039818487","display_name":"John E. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Network Dynamics Lab, Virginia Tech, University of Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCivil Engineering Network Dynamics Lab, Virginia Tech, University of Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Network Dynamics Lab, Virginia Tech, University of Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCivil Engineering Network Dynamics Lab, Virginia Tech, University of Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.2287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99512523,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"1414","last_page":"1424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.8383952379226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.7033092975616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6178184747695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5482051372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-intensity","display_name":"Energy intensity","score":0.5187547206878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation","display_name":"Energy conservation","score":0.5185628533363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5046879053115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-science","display_name":"Building science","score":0.41679713129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.3678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3261064887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09957310557365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07768741250038147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.8383952379226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.7033092975616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6178184747695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5482051372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97615858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341351","display_name":"Energy intensity","level":3,"score":0.5187547206878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.5185628533363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5046879053115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69752020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3741966","display_name":"Building science","level":2,"score":0.41679713129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3261064887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09957310557365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07768741250038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2384997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8571505835","display_name":"CAREER: Building Occupant Network Dynamics (BOND) - Multi-scale Experimentation and Simulation in the Built Environment to Achieve Sustained Energy Conservation","funder_award_id":"1142379","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964571494","https://openalex.org/W1972440681","https://openalex.org/W1976825763","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1982930563","https://openalex.org/W1989866797","https://openalex.org/W1990802225","https://openalex.org/W2000535949","https://openalex.org/W2011376369","https://openalex.org/W2013140706","https://openalex.org/W2019493846","https://openalex.org/W2026980178","https://openalex.org/W2028348615","https://openalex.org/W2042143773","https://openalex.org/W2063512148","https://openalex.org/W2064925916","https://openalex.org/W2069872789","https://openalex.org/W2073995272","https://openalex.org/W2075825475","https://openalex.org/W2077676995","https://openalex.org/W2105773988","https://openalex.org/W2108827370","https://openalex.org/W2112021193","https://openalex.org/W2112120063","https://openalex.org/W2117604780","https://openalex.org/W2127523455","https://openalex.org/W2127732301","https://openalex.org/W2128403045","https://openalex.org/W2129141167","https://openalex.org/W2139035425","https://openalex.org/W2147478345","https://openalex.org/W2150291692","https://openalex.org/W2151240834","https://openalex.org/W3141396188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6941982","https://openalex.org/W1995684906","https://openalex.org/W2039561854","https://openalex.org/W2028412492","https://openalex.org/W1794897258","https://openalex.org/W2025974608","https://openalex.org/W2184052178","https://openalex.org/W4206532774","https://openalex.org/W2085905604","https://openalex.org/W2369232549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drawing":[0],"inspiration":[1],"from":[2],"utility-scale":[3],"customer":[4],"segmentation":[5],"research":[6],"initiatives,":[7],"a":[8],"new":[9,66],"set":[10],"of":[11,20,38,56,78,104,126,160],"metrics":[12,162],"is":[13,32],"introduced":[14],"that":[15],"serve":[16],"as":[17],"quantitative":[18],"measures":[19],"building":[21,57,68,108,131,173],"occupant":[22,29,69],"energy":[23,81,151],"efficiency":[24,90,103],"and":[25,47,73,163],"energy-use":[26,30,40,62,70,89,113,136],"predictability.":[27],"Building":[28,84],"data":[31],"segmented":[33],"to":[34,60,147,170],"facilitate":[35],"the":[36,76,102,155,158],"construction":[37,159],"independent":[39],"profiles":[41],"for":[42,96,142],"workdays,":[43],"nonworkdays,":[44],"work":[45],"hours,":[46,49],"nonwork":[48],"which":[50],"in":[51,145],"turn":[52],"enable":[53,75],"further":[54],"classification":[55],"occupants":[58,85,109,132,174],"according":[59],"their":[61,105,127,149,177],"patterns.":[63],"The":[64],"three":[65],"metrics,":[67],"efficiency,":[71],"entropy,":[72],"intensity":[74,137],"design":[77],"more":[79],"targeted":[80,95,141],"conservation":[82],"campaigns.":[83],"with":[86,110,133],"relatively":[87,111,134],"low":[88,112],"scores":[91,115,138],"can":[92,116,139,167],"be":[93,117,140,168],"individually":[94],"behavioral":[97],"interventions":[98],"aimed":[99],"at":[100],"increasing":[101],"energy-use.":[106,129,178],"Furthermore,":[107],"entropy":[114],"sent":[118],"timely":[119],"behavior":[120],"intervention":[121],"notifications":[122],"based":[123,175],"on":[124,176],"predictions":[125],"future":[128],"Finally,":[130],"high":[135],"equipment":[143],"upgrades":[144],"order":[146],"reduce":[148],"overall":[150],"consumption.":[152],"We":[153],"present":[154],"methodology":[156],"behind":[157],"these":[161],"demonstrate":[164],"how":[165],"they":[166],"applied":[169],"classify":[171],"commercial":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
