{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160327646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","title":"Ancillary Service to the Grid Through Control of Fans in Commercial Building HVAC Systems","display_name":"Ancillary Service to the Grid Through Control of Fans in Commercial Building HVAC Systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160327646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","mag":"2160327646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659296","display_name":"He Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102879449","display_name":"Yashen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-3046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016883179","display_name":"Anupama Kowli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-9321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupama S. Kowli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India","Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026067872","display_name":"Prabir Barooah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabir Barooah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047988825","display_name":"Sean Meyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Meyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.9972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":278,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99631257,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"2066","last_page":"2074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8793066143989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-model","display_name":"Building model","score":0.6223198771476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.525979220867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.5144267678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44706350564956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-management-system","display_name":"Building management system","score":0.4337792992591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.421700656414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.4150141477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37857845425605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36643075942993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3176329433917999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.28212279081344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2749789357185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21907830238342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.1515314280986786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8793066143989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352349","display_name":"Building model","level":2,"score":0.6223198771476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.525979220867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.5144267678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44706350564956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1489497","display_name":"Building management system","level":3,"score":0.4337792992591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.421700656414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.4150141477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37857845425605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36643075942993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3176329433917999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.28212279081344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2749789357185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21907830238342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.1515314280986786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2322604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsapce.library.iitb.ac.in:100/17300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/jspui/handle/100/17300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400899","display_name":"DSpace (IIT Bombay)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.iitb.ac.in:100/17300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2322604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400899","display_name":"DSpace (IIT Bombay)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2782124767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-0925534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8720958423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0931885","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166515595","https://openalex.org/W1519571073","https://openalex.org/W1538610433","https://openalex.org/W1544134798","https://openalex.org/W1836404886","https://openalex.org/W1902289786","https://openalex.org/W1990716718","https://openalex.org/W1993968967","https://openalex.org/W1999913837","https://openalex.org/W2000095956","https://openalex.org/W2000502807","https://openalex.org/W2010029789","https://openalex.org/W2032752817","https://openalex.org/W2096817838","https://openalex.org/W2104313840","https://openalex.org/W2124885602","https://openalex.org/W2127559206","https://openalex.org/W2128701314","https://openalex.org/W2132670858","https://openalex.org/W2134682120","https://openalex.org/W2137401567","https://openalex.org/W2139091700","https://openalex.org/W2149519601","https://openalex.org/W2153520025","https://openalex.org/W2153730736","https://openalex.org/W2164961065","https://openalex.org/W2171923246","https://openalex.org/W2229725825","https://openalex.org/W2963939297","https://openalex.org/W4294961171","https://openalex.org/W6638689421","https://openalex.org/W6639948197","https://openalex.org/W6678660296","https://openalex.org/W6689582598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997024178","https://openalex.org/W2538009942","https://openalex.org/W2104957212","https://openalex.org/W2332573992","https://openalex.org/W2329485921","https://openalex.org/W2783415514","https://openalex.org/W2003408565","https://openalex.org/W4391342855","https://openalex.org/W2610951131","https://openalex.org/W2903667954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,140],"thermal":[1],"storage":[2],"potential":[3],"in":[4,26,47,94,150,170,174,188,215],"commercial":[5,35,98,172],"buildings":[6,36,173],"is":[7,54,71,148,201,211,214],"an":[8],"enormous":[9],"resource":[10],"for":[11,128],"providing":[12],"various":[13],"ancillary":[14,208],"services":[15],"to":[16,56,62,118,218],"the":[17,58,102,108,121,136,151,175,182,189,197,204,207],"grid.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"show":[23],"how":[24,116],"fans":[25,169],"Heating,":[27],"Ventilation,":[28],"and":[29,160],"Air":[30],"Conditioning":[31],"(HVAC)":[32],"systems":[33],"of":[34,84,104,120,181,196,206],"alone":[37],"can":[38,125,144,177],"provide":[39,178],"substantial":[40],"frequency":[41,152,191],"regulation":[42,65,129,141,185],"service,":[43],"with":[44],"little":[45,133],"change":[46],"their":[48],"indoor":[49,138],"environments.":[50],"A":[51,193],"feedforward":[52],"architecture":[53],"proposed":[55,68,198],"control":[57,69,199],"fan":[59,123],"power":[60,124],"consumption":[61],"track":[63],"a":[64,78,85,97],"signal.":[66],"scheme":[70,200],"then":[72],"tested":[73],"through":[74],"simulations":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77,101,135],"calibrated":[79],"high":[80],"fidelity":[81],"non-linear":[82],"model":[83],"building.":[86],"Model":[87],"parameters":[88],"are":[89],"identified":[90],"from":[91],"data":[92],"collected":[93],"Pugh":[95],"Hall,":[96],"building":[99,137],"located":[100],"University":[103],"Florida":[105],"campus.":[106],"For":[107],"HVAC":[109],"system":[110],"under":[111],"consideration,":[112],"numerical":[113],"experiments":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"up":[117],"15%":[119],"rated":[122],"be":[126,145],"deployed":[127],"purpose":[130],"while":[131],"having":[132],"effect":[134],"temperature.":[139],"signal":[142],"that":[143,168,202],"successfully":[146],"tracked":[147],"constrained":[149],"band":[153],"[1/\u03c40,1/\u03c41],":[154],"where":[155],"\u03c40":[156],"\u2248":[157,162],"3":[158],"minutes":[159],"\u03c41":[161],"8":[163],"seconds.":[164],"Our":[165],"results":[166],"indicate":[167],"existing":[171],"U.S.":[176],"about":[179],"70%":[180],"current":[183],"national":[184],"reserve":[186],"requirements":[187],"aforementioned":[190],"band.":[192],"unique":[194],"advantage":[195],"assessing":[203],"value":[205],"service":[209],"provided":[210],"trivial,":[212],"which":[213],"stark":[216],"contrast":[217],"many":[219],"demand-response":[220],"programs.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
